Table 4.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis to assess the association of TAPSE/PASP ratio evolution (based on the response following CRT implantation) and all‐cause mortality
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, years | 1.043 (1.031–1.055) | <0.001 | 1.031 (1.017–1.047) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.404 (1.099–1.793) | 0.007 | 1.156 (0.839–1.592) | 0.375 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1.059 (0.869–1.292) | 0.568 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.652 (1.307–2.088) | <0.001 | 1.397 (1.049–1.861) | 0.022 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.244 (1.019–1.518) | 0.032 | 1.060 (0.833–1.349) | 0.635 |
| Smoking | 0.994 (0.867–1.139) | 0.929 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.986 (0.963–1.010) | 0.254 | ||
| Ischaemic aetiology | 1.504 (1.225–1.848) | <0.001 | 0.818 (0.633–1.058) | 0.126 |
| NYHA III–IV | 1.834 (1.463–2.300) | <0.001 | 1.305 (1.007–1.691) | 0.044 |
| Sinus rhythm | 1.015 (0.883–1.167) | 0.838 | ||
| QRS duration before implantation, ms | 1.002 (0.999–1.005) | 0.125 | ||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 0.799 (0.722–0.883) | <0.001 | 0.969 (0.861–1.092) | 0.609 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.978 (0.973–0.983) | <0.001 | 0.986 (0.980–0.992) | <0.001 |
| LVESV, mL | 1.003 (1.001–1.004) | <0.001 | 1.002 (1.000–1.005) | 0.085 |
| LVEF, % | 0.985 (0.973–0.997) | 0.011 | 1.001 (0.982–1.019) | 0.953 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 1.014 (1.010–1.018) | <0.001 | 1.004 (0.999–1.010) | 0.131 |
| Moderate to severe MR | 1.399 (1.134–1.725) | 0.002 | 1.004 (0.787–1.280) | 0.975 |
| RVEDA, cm2 | 1.036 (1.022–1.051) | <0.001 | 1.007 (0.986–1.028) | 0.517 |
| RA area, cm2 | 1.022 (1.013–1.030) | <0.001 | 1.007 (0.992–1.022) | 0.352 |
| TAPSE/PASP ratio groups | ||||
| High–high | Reference | Reference | ||
| Low–high | 1.540 (1.139–2.082) | 0.005 | 1.318 (0.930–1.868) | 0.121 |
| High–low | 2.177 (1.583–2.992) | <0.001 | 1.853 (1.274–2.696) | 0.001 |
| Low–low | 3.000 (2.363–3.809) | <0.001 | 1.836 (1.340–2.515) | <0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; EDA, end‐diastolic area; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESV, end‐systolic volume; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RA, right atrial; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Low–low indicates individuals with pre‐CRT TAPSE/PASP ratio <0.45 mm/mmHg and 6 month TAPSE/PASP ratio <0.45 mmHg; high–low indicates a pre‐CRT TAPSE/PASP ratio ≥0.45 mm/mmHg and 6 month TAPSE/PASP ratio <0.45 mm/mmHg; low–high indicates a pre‐CRT TAPSE/PASP ratio <0.45 mm/mmHg and a 6 month TAPSE/PASP ratio ≥0.45 mm/mmHg; high–high indicates a TAPSE/PASP ratio ≥0.45 mm/mmHg and a 6 month TAPSE/PASP ratio ≥0.45 mm/mmHg.