Table 1.

Factors That Can Promote or Impede Research Translation into Clinical Practice in ADPKD

Factor	Impedes Translation	Promotes Translation
Research methods	•Statistics can be hard to interpret or may be done improperly •Research translation is often not considered when designing studies	•A statistical result such as a P value can reassure the clinician •Author conclusions about clinical implications help readers
CME	•Hard to find time •Content may not be in the area of interest	•Often relevant and offers an opportunity to learn from experts •Can validate current practices
Dissemination	•Clinicians may not recognize authors/coauthors and may not be able to conclude anything about their reputation for research •Nonacademic institutions may not have journal clubs or grand rounds •Many clinicians do not have time or resources to devote to conferences and meetings •Some journals lack a highly favorable reputation	•Recognizing someone with a good reputation on an article adds to the sense of validity •Data from a highly rated journal can reassure the clinician
Institution	•Many institutions impede innovation because of limited resources or commitment •Competing priorities	•Institutions can help evidence-based practice thrive by promoting interdisciplinary or communication strategies
Years in practice	•Senior clinicians may be relying on outdated approaches •Less senior clinicians may want to do everything by the book and not know how to be flexible in their care practices	•Less senior clinicians are often more up-to-date and interested in newer ways of doing things
Type of practice	•Nonacademic disadvantages, including lack of collegiality, journal clubs, grand rounds, etc •Competing priorities •Clinicians in nonacademic settings may be behind on the newest therapies and approaches	•Being in an academic setting is generally seen as more conducive to research translation than private practice
Guidelines	•No official promulgated guidelines for ADPKD •Many are too long and complex; may contradict one another	•Clinicians in nonacademic settings rely heavily on guidelines to determine the current standard of care
Innovation	•Sometimes clinicians resist new ideas and methods	•Newer ways of practice are based on fresh data and the most recent studies
Time	•Clinicians know that new findings are important but may only skim or not stay abreast of the literature •Some clinicians cannot afford a subscription to proprietary sources of up-to-date practice information	•Clinicians use online and mobile sources of concise and practical content, relying on author credibility •Mobile digital strategies can help clinicians search and learn more efficiently

Abbreviations: ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; CME, continuing medical education.