Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the BUMP 1 Clinical Trial, by Randomized Group.
| Characteristic | No./total (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Self-monitoring group (n = 1220)a | Usual care group (n = 1217)a | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 32.8 (5.7) | 33.0 (5.6) |
| Gestation at entry, mean (SD), wk | 20.3 (1.6) | 20.3 (1.6) |
| Parity: no previous births | 745 (61.1) | 742 (61.0) |
| BMI, median (IQR)b | 26.5 (22.7-32.1) | 26.1 (22.6-32.4) |
| Index of multiple deprivation quintilec | ||
| No. | 1210 | 1211 |
| 1 (most deprived) | 167 (13.8) | 170 (14.0) |
| 2 | 247 (20.4) | 239 (19.7) |
| 3 | 228 (18.8) | 258 (21.3) |
| 4 | 254 (21.0) | 244 (20.2) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 314 (26.0) | 300 (24.8) |
| Race and ethnicityd | ||
| No. | 1211 | 1007 |
| Asian or Asian British | 135 (11.1) | 118 (9.8) |
| Black or Black British | 88 (7.3) | 99 (8.2) |
| Chinese | 16 (1.3) | 11 (0.9) |
| Mixed | 55 (4.5) | 41 (3.4) |
| White (British, Irish, other) | 887 (73.3) | 914 (75.7) |
| Other | 30 (2.5) | 24 (2.0) |
| Current smoker | 57 (4.7) | 59 (4.9) |
| Highest education | ||
| No. | 1209 | 1201 |
| Tertiary education | 715 (59.1) | 684 (57.0) |
| Professional qualifications | 122 (10.1) | 120 (10.0) |
| A-level or General Certificate of Secondary Education | 294 (24.3) | 335 (27.9) |
| Vocational qualifications | 34 (2.8) | 32 (2.7) |
| No formal qualifications | 44 (3.6) | 30 (2.5) |
| Risk factors for hypertension | ||
| BMI ≥30 | 444 (46.4) | 417 (34.3) |
| Previous hypertensive disorder of pregnancy | 199 (16.3) | 220 (18.1) |
| Family history of preeclampsia | 144 (11.8) | 133 (10.9) |
| Autoimmune diseasee | 83 (6.8) | 81 (6.7) |
| Prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 75 (6.2) | 67 (5.5) |
| Twin pregnancy | 73 (6.0) | 67 (5.5) |
| Interval between pregnancies >10 y | 34 (2.8) | 36 (3.0) |
| Chronic kidney disease (any grade) | 9 (0.7) | 14 (1.2) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hgf | ||
| No. | 1161 | 1162 |
| Systolic BP at entry | 113.4 (12.8) | 113.9 (12.3) |
| Diastolic BP at entry | 68.5 (9.0) | 69.0 (9.0) |
| Health questionnaires | ||
| EQ-5D-5L index valueg | ||
| No. | 1202 | 1194 |
| Median (IQR) | 0.88 (0.77-1.00) | 0.85 (0.77-1.00) |
| STAI-6h | ||
| No. | 1201 | 1191 |
| Median (IQR) | 22.2 (5.6-33.3) | 22.2 (5.6-33.3) |
| Self-monitoring prior to trial | ||
| No. | 1209 | 1205 |
| No. (%) | 305 (25) | 334 (28) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BP, blood pressure.
As shown in the Figure, 1223 (self-monitoring) and 1218 (control) were randomized; however, 3 intervention participants and 1 usual care participant were randomized in error and withdrawn immediately. Therefore, data are presented for the remaining 1220 and 1217.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
The index of multiple deprivation is an assessment of deprivation based on multiple weighted components including income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services, and living environment. It is assessed at the postcode level.
Ethnicity and race self-attributed from closed list based on standard UK classification. Mixed included those self-identifying as mixed ethnicity (any combination). “Other” included any other category not listed, in which case participants were asked to specify (in the self-monitoring group: Arab: 4, Japanese: 3, Latin American: 2, Mauritian: 2, Brazilian: 1, Filipino: 1, Iraqi Kurdish: 1, Pacific Islander: 1, Tibetan Burmese Origin: 1, Turkish Kurdish: 1, Vietnamese: 1, Middle Eastern: 1, none stated: 11. Usual care group: Latin American: 6, Arab: 3, Japanese: 2, Afghan: 1, Brazilian: 1, Filipino: 1, Iranian: 1, Malaysian: 1, South East Asia: 1, South Korean: 1, Vietnamese: 1, none stated: 5).
Any autoimmune disease, eg, systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome.
At last clinic visit prior to randomization.
EQ-5D-5L: EuroQol instrument 5 Dimensions 5 Levels (index value calculated from 5 domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Value calculated using cross-walk tool22 range, −0.3-1; higher is better quality of life).
STAI: short form of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (6 items; range, 6-24; scaled to be out of 100, higher is more anxious).20