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Set-up of the VDC system. (A) Schematic of the assembled VDC unit with cell monolayer in the middle. The apical medium (pink) is maintained anaerobically and inoculated with bacteria whereas the basal medium (blue) is gassed with air/CO2. Both half chambers are closed with a rubber bung with a central hole to maintain oxygen levels. (B) Photograph of VDC half chambers and Snapwell filter insert containing the cell monolayer (filter diameter=1.2 cm).
