. 2022 Mar 4;11(4):e210594. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0594
This work is licensed under a Table 2.
History of the main protein components of the specific* vitamin D signal transduction machinery.
| Protein | Abbreviation | Tissue location or source | Biological function | Discovery | Gene cloning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D-binding globulin | DBP | Liver | Transport of vitamin D and its metabolites | Daiger et al. 1975 (64) | Cooke et al. 1991 (79) |
| Vitamin D receptor | VDR | Most tissues except liver | Regulation of vitamin D-dependent genes | Haussler 1969 (80) Brumbaugh et al. 1975 (55) |
McDonnell et al. 1987 (56) |
| 25-Hydroxylase | CYP2R1 | Liver | 25-hydroxylation of vitamins D2 and D3 | Cheng et al. 2003 (81) | Cheng et al. 2004 (75) |
| 1α-Hydroxylase | CYP27B1 | Kidney (major) Extra-renal sites |
1α-hydroxylation of 25-OH-D2 & 25-OH-D3 | Fraser et al. 1970 (42) | St-Arnaud et al. 1997 (70) Takeyama et al. 1997 (71) |
| 24-Hydroxylase | CYP24A1 | Kidney (major) Extra-renal sites |
24-hydroxylation of (& 23- & 26-hydroxylation) 25-OH-D2 & 25-OH-D3 Complete catabolism of vitamin D |
Knutson et al. 1972 (66) | Ohyama & Okuda 1991 (72) |
Other cellular proteins play a general role in vitamin D metabolism and action, for example, CYP3A4 but this degrades many other molecules and drugs.
*The specific vitamin D signal transduction machinery is specialized to transport, activate, mediate the biological effects of and catabolize vitamin D.