. 2019 Jul 17;9(39):22161–22175. doi: 10.1039/c9ra03223a

Oxidative damage in plasma, liver and brain tissues^a.

	SWM	FWM	FWM + LDT	FWM + HDT
Plasma
PC (nmol l⁻¹)	2.16 ± 0.11^bc	1.95 ± 0.15^c	2.79 ± 0.45^b	3.82 ± 0.23^a
DT (pg mL⁻¹)	106.91 ± 5.12^b	68.56 ± 9.35^c	129.14 ± 9.86^b	171.92 ± 3.32^a
3-NT (nmol l⁻¹)	15.34 ± 2.78^b	12.86 ± 1.77^b	17.15 ± 3.65^b	27.19 ± 2.12^a
AOPPs (pmol l⁻¹)	276.61 ± 25.18^b	208.32 ± 12.66^c	317.86 ± 18.47^b	448.82 ± 11.35^a

Hippocampus
PC (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	3.83 ± 0.23^b	3.02 ± 0.25^c	4.35 ± 0.35^b	5.77 ± 0.21^a
DT (pg mg⁻¹ prot)	109.45 ± 8.45^c	78.50 ± 3.36^d	149.45 ± 7.11^b	178.66 ± 8.90^a
3-NT (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	61.42 ± 1.17^b	50.31 ± 5.69^c	77.38 ± 7.12^a	84.77 ± 6.32^a
AOPPs (pmol g⁻¹ prot)	373.43 ± 17.53^c	243.65 ± 12.36^d	454.32 ± 15.69^b	507.77 ± 11.31^a

Hypothalamus
PC (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	3.01 ± 0.12^b	2.26 ± 0.17^c	3.52 ± 0.45^b	4.97 ± 0.31^a
DT (pg mg⁻¹ prot)	38.17 ± 4.11^b	25.86 ± 3.21^c	40.76 ± 11.75^b	67.23 ± 7.32^a
3-NT (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	48.46 ± 2.68^b	45.06 ± 4.12^b	53.07 ± 2.32^b	68.21 ± 3.11^a
AOPPs (pmol g⁻¹ prot)	230.75 ± 19.14^bc	215.57 ± 12.36^c	269.10 ± 7.13^b	343.34 ± 21.36^a

Amygdala
PC (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	2.86 ± 0.23^b	2.66 ± 0.15^b	2.99 ± 0.29^b	3.55 ± 0.14^a
DT (pg mg⁻¹ prot)	94.21 ± 8.19^ab	76.20 ± 10.16^b	104.32 ± 4.34^a	118.77 ± 15.75^a
3-NT (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	41.03 ± 1.98^c	36.34 ± 2.11^d	50.35 ± 3.05^b	61.31 ± 1.25^a
AOPPs (pmol g⁻¹ prot)	262.64 ± 17.69^b	241.94 ± 26.68^b	263.60 ± 12.36^b	436.44 ± 18.32^a

Cerebral cortex
PC (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	2.45 ± 0.16^c	2.64 ± 0.17^c	3.26 ± 0.33^b	4.15 ± 0.24^a
DT (pg mg⁻¹ prot)	98.18 ± 10.31^bc	79.45 ± 5.08^c	113.86 ± 2.47^b	140.68 ± 10.06^a
3-NT (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	37.62 ± 2.12^c	32.15 ± 1.51^c	48.23 ± 3.08^b	56.12 ± 2.54^a
AOPPs (pmol g⁻¹ prot)	346.14 ± 7.98^c	289.22 ± 9.36^d	442.51 ± 7.98^b	520.74 ± 10.14^a

Liver
PC (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	2.78 ± 0.12^c	2.03 ± 0.25^d	3.54 ± 0.13^b	4.79 ± 0.25^a
DT (pg mg⁻¹ prot)	112.14 ± 11.12^b	92.32 ± 15.23^b	114.33 ± 6.65^b	134.31 ± 4.28^a
3-NT (nmol g⁻¹ prot)	43.68 ± 4.07^b	40.67 ± 1.76^b	55.12 ± 2.25^a	59.03 ± 3.67^a
AOPPs (pmol g⁻¹ prot)	301.25 ± 12.12^b	226.94 ± 8.69^c	311.86 ± 11.12^b	370.77 ± 13.36^a

PC, protein carbonyl; DT, dityrosine; 3-NT, 3-nitrotyrosine; AOPPs, advanced oxidative protein products; SWM, 180 °C spray-dried whole milk group, FWM, freeze-dried whole milk group, FWM + LDT freeze-dried whole milk + low dityrosine group, FWM + HDT, freeze-dried whole milk + high dityrosine group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 10 rats per group). Means among bars without a common letter differ, P < 0.05.

Oxidative damage in plasma, liver and brain tissuesa.

Oxidative damage in plasma, liver and brain tissues^a.