Table 3.

Diagnostic performance of different clinicopathological, imaging, and endocrine abnormalities described in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism

Study	Parameter	Cut-offs	No./type of cases	Sensitivity % (CI)	Specificity & (CI)
Seth et al. 2011	Lymphocyte count	> 5.0 × 109/L	53 HA 110 DMH	19 (9–32)	99 (95–100)
Zeugswetter et al. 2014	Lymphocyte count	> 2.45 × 109L	38 HA 107 DMH	92	91
Zeugswetter et al. 2014	Neutrophil:lymphocyte	≤ 2.3	38 HA 107 DMH	67	82
Zeugswetter et al. 2014	Eosinophil count	> 3.98 × 109/L	38 HA 107 DMH	91	72
Seth et al. 2011	Na:K	< 27	53 HA 110 DMH	70 (56–82)	94 (87–97)
		< 24		62 (48–75)	96 (91–99)
		< 20		51 (37–65)	100 (97–100)
Zeugswetter et al. 2014		≤ 22	38 HA 107 DMH	92	91
Adler et al. 2007		< 27	76 HA 200 HP	89 (80–95)	97 (93–99)
		< 24		79 (67–86)	100 (97–100)
Boretti et al. 2015		≤ 24	23 HA 109 DMH	56 (35–77)	99 (93–100)
Reagan et al. 2020	Machine algorithm		133 HA + 908 DMH	96.3 (81.7–99.8)	97.2 (93.7–98.8)
Wenger et al. 2010	Right adrenal gland thickness	< 3.05 mm	22 HA, 14 H, 10 NAI	82	90
	Left adrenal gland thickness	< 2.8 mm	29 HA, 14 H, 10 NAI	90	100
Lennon et al. 2007	Basal cortisol	≤ 55 nmol/L	13 HA 110 NAI	100	78.2
		≤ 27.59 nmol/L		100	98.2
Bovens et al. 2014		≤ 55 nmol/L	14HA 450 NAI	100	63.3
		≤ 27.59 nmol/L		85.7	91.8
Boretti et al. 2015		≤ 55 nmol/L	23 HA 109 DMH	100 (85–100)	20 (13–22)
Gold et al. 2016		≤ 55 nmol/L	163 HA 359 NAI	99.4	67
		< 22 nmol/L		96.9	95.7
		≤ 5.5 nmol/L		81.6	99.1
Zeugswetter et al. 2014	eACTH	> 50 pmol/L	38 HA 107 DMH	96	100
Boretti et al. 2015		> 178 pg/mL	23 HA 109 DMH	91 (72–99)	99 (93–100)
Boretti et al. 2015	Cortisol to eACTH ratio	≤ 0.01	23 HA 109 DMH	100 (85–100)	99 (93–100)

eACTH endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone; CI Confidence interval; DMH Diseases mimicking hypoadrenocorticism; HA Hypoadrenocorticism; HP Hospital population; H Healthy; NAI Non-adrenal illness; Na:K Sodium to potassium ratio