Table 4.

Results of this meta-analysis and the subgroup analyses

	Studies (n)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PLR (95% CI)	NLR (95% CI)
All studies	20	88% (84–91%)	78% (74–80%)	3.91 (3.42–4.46)	0.16 (0.12–0.21)
Reference standard
Surgery only	10	84% (77–89%)	77% (71–81%)	3.56 (2.92–4.36)	0.22 (0.15–0.30)
Surgery and biopsy	10	91% (87–93%)	79% (75–82%)	4.29 (3.59–5.14)	0.12 (0.09–0.16)
Blind
Yes	5	86% (81–90%)	73% (67–78%)	3.14 (2.56–3.85)	0.19 (0.14–0.26)
Unclear	15	88% (83–92%)	80% (76–83%)	4.33 (3.73–5.02)	0.15 (0.10–0.21)

PLR: positive likelihood ratio; NLR: negative likelihood ratio; CI: confidence interval