Table 3.
Moderating impact of service availability and readiness on LEAP 1000 impacts on NHIS enrolment
| Ages 7-17 years at end-line | Ages 18+years at end-line | Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD (Treatment*time) | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| (0.06) | (0.04) ** | (0.06) * | |
| Treatment | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| (0.05) | (0.03) | (0.04) | |
| Time | -0.08 | 0.00 | -0.08 |
| (0.05) | (0.03) | (0.04) ** | |
| Service quality readiness tertiles | |||
| Lowest (Ref) | |||
| Middle | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.09 |
| (0.07) | (0.04)** | (0.06) | |
| Highest | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| (0.07) | (0.04) | (0.06) | |
| Moderating impact of service quality readiness tertiles | |||
| (a) Treatment | |||
| Lowest*Treatment (Ref) | |||
| Middle*Treatment | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| (0.06) | (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Highest*Treatment | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.11 |
| (0.06) | (0.04) | (0.04) ** | |
| (b) Time | |||
| Lowest*Time(Ref) | |||
| Middle*Time | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.03 |
| (0.06) | (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Highest*Time | -0.12 | -0.13 | -0.13 |
| (0.09) | (0.05) ** | (0.06) ** | |
| (c) DDD | |||
| Lowest*Treatment*Time (Ref) | |||
| Middle*Treatment*Time | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| (0.08) | (0.05) | (0.07) | |
| Highest*Treatment*Time | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| (0.08) | (0.05) * | (0.07) ** | |
| PMT score | -0.18 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| (0.21) | (0.16) | (0.18) | |
| Household size | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 |
| (0.00) *** | (0.00) * | (0.00) *** | |
| Head is female | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| (0.03) | (0.02) ** | (0.03) | |
| Age of head | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Head no formal schooling | -0.07 | -0.03 | -0.03 |
| (0.03) ** | (0.02) * | (0.02) | |
| N | 8,374 | 12,218 | 5,910 |
| Total impact – low SARA tertile |
0.08 (0.06) |
0.09 (0.04)** |
0.10 (0.06)* |
| Total impact – middle SARA tertile |
0.13 (0.05)*** |
0.15 (0.03)*** |
0.11 (0.04)*** |
| Total impact – highest SARA tertile |
0.20 (0.06)*** |
0.18 (0.03)*** |
0.25 (0.05)*** |
DID Difference-in-difference, NHIS National Health Insurance Scheme, PMT Proxy means test, Ref Reference category
Source: Authors’ analysis; All regressions include the following covariates at baseline: age, dummy for female (0,1), household head’s age, dummy for having no formal education (0,1), dummy for women household head (0,1), PMT score, household size
Impact from DID estimates; impact on ever NHIS enrolment from single difference estimates. Analysis restricted to a panel sample. Robust standard errors in parentheses clustered at the community level. Total impacts on middle and highest quality tertiles estimated with Lincom command in Stata
*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01