Table 1.
Diet composition of wheat-based and maize-based diets. The data were previously determined and are reported elsewhere [11]
| Ingredient, % | Wheat-based | Maize-based | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starter | Grower | Finisher | Starter | Grower | Finisher | |
| Wheat | 49.4 | 58.8 | 65.9 | – | – | – |
| Maize | 10.0 | 5.0 | – | 57.3 | 59.6 | 59.1 |
| Soybean meal 48CP1 | 24.4 | 19.5 | 17.0 | 27.2 | 24.3 | 24.3 |
| Toasted soybeans | 10.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 |
| Soybean oil | 1.4 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 3.9 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
| Limestone | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| L-Lysine HCl | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Salt | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Na-Bicarbonate | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| L-Threonine | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| L-Valine | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Coccidiostat | Sacox2 | Sacox | – | Sacox | Sacox | – |
| Premix article3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Diamol4 | – | – | 1.0 | – | – | 1.0 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Calculated chemical composition, % as is | ||||||
| ME5, MJ/kg | 11.8 | 12.1 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.8 |
| Crude protein | 21.8 | 20.1 | 18.5 | 21.2 | 19.9 | 19.2 |
| NDF | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.4 |
| Crude fat | 4.9 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 8.0 |
| Arg | 1.46 | 1.31 | 1.18 | 1.47 | 1.37 | 1.31 |
| Met + Cys | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.62 |
| Ile | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.83 |
| Leu | 1.65 | 1.49 | 1.35 | 1.83 | 1.74 | 1.68 |
| Lys | 1.14 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 1.18 | 1.09 | 1.05 |
| Thr | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.74 |
| Val | 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.92 |
| Ca | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.71 |
| Cl | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.21 |
| K | 0.92 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.86 |
| Na | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| Total P | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.61 |
| Available P | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.29 |
| Analyzed chemical composition, % dry matter | ||||||
| Dry matter, % as is | – | – | 90.3 | – | – | 89.5 |
| Starch | – | – | 40.4 | – | – | 37.4 |
| Crude protein (N × 6.25) | – | – | 20.5 | – | – | 20.7 |
| Ash | – | – | 5.9 | – | – | 6.5 |
| NSP6 | – | – | 21.0 | – | – | 18.6 |
| NGP7 | – | – | 9.8 | – | – | 8.7 |
| AX8 | – | – | 5.0 | – | – | 3.4 |
| Analyzed enzyme activity (of enzyme-supplemented diets) | ||||||
| Xylanase, EPU9/kg feed | – | – | 1550 | – | – | 1740 |
| Cellulase, CU10/kg feed | – | – | 240 | – | – | 190 |
1 CP: Crude protein
2 Provided by Huvepharma NV, Berchem, Belgium
3 Providing per kg of diet: vitamin A (retinyl acetate), 10,000 IU; vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 2500 IU; vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol acetate), 50 mg; vitamin K3 (menadione), 1.5 mg; vitamin B1 (thiamine), 2.0 mg; vitamin B2 (riboflavin), 7.5 mg; niacin, 35 mg; D-pantothenic acid, 12 mg; vitamin B6 (pyridoxine-HCl), 3.5 mg; vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamine), 20 μg; folic acid, 1.0 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg; choline chloride, 460 mg; Fe (FeSO4·H2O), 80 mg; Cu (CuSO4·5H2O), 12 mg; Zn (ZnO), 60 mg; Mn (MnO), 85 mg; I (Ca (IO3)2), 0.8 mg; Co (Co2CO3(OH)2), 0.77 mg; Se (Na2O3Se), 0.15 mg
4Used as acid insoluble ash (AIA) digestibility marker (Franz Bertram GmbH, Hamburg, Germany)
5Metabolizable energy
6Non-starch polysaccharides; calculated as the difference between total carbohydrates and starch
7Non-glucosyl NSP; calculated as the sum of sum of arabinosyl, xylosyl, galactosyl, uronyl, mannosyl, rhamnosyl and fucosyl units
8Arabinoxylan; calculated as the sum of arabinosyl and xylosyl units
9Amount of enzyme which releases 0.0083 μmol of reducing sugars (xylose equivalents) per minute from oat spelt xylan at pH 4.7 and 50 °C
10Amount of enzyme which releases 0.128 μmol of reducing sugars (glucose equivalents) per minute from barley β-glucan at pH 4.5 and 30 °C