Table 2.
Prevalence of self-reported respiratory infection in children below the age of 5 years, the Offinso North Farm Health Study (ONFAHS) (N = 254).
| Characteristics of study population | Acute respiratory infection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) | Upper respiratory infection (URI) | |||
| ALRI n (%) | No ALRI n (%) | URI n (%) | No URI n (%) | |
| Total | 56 (22.05) | 198 (77.95%) | 91 (35.83) | 163 (64.17) |
| Age | ||||
| <1 | 13(41.94) | 18 (58.06) | 28 (90.32) | 3 (9.68) |
| 2 | 14 (34.15) | 27 (65.85) | 16 (39.02) | 25 (60.98) |
| 3 | 14 (14.59) | 82 (85.41) | 24 (25.00) | 72 (75.00) |
| 4 | 15 (17.44) | 71 (82.56) | 23 (26.74) | 63 (73.26) |
| Tau c = −0.28 | Somers D = −0.39 | |||
| Sex of child | ||||
| Boy | 30 (17.96) | 137 (82.04) | 43 (25.75) | 124 (74.25) |
| Girl | 26 (29.89) | 61 (70.11) | 48 (55.17) | 39 (44.83) |
| Somers D = 0.18 | Somers D = 0.31 | |||
| Child’s education | ||||
| Do not go to school | 23 (19.33) | 96 (80.67) | 46 (38.66) | 73 (61.34) |
| Crèche or Kindergarten | 33 (24.44) | 102 (75.56) | 45 (33.33) | 90 (66.67) |
| Somers D = 0.08 | Somers D = 0.03 | |||
| Child on exclusive breastfeeding | ||||
| Yes | 15 (42.86) | 20 (57.14) | 30 (85.71) | 5 (14.29) |
| No | 41 (18.72) | 178 (81.28) | 61 (27.85) | 158 (72.15) |
| Somers D = 0.22 | Somers D = 0.33 | |||
| Any parent a full-time or part-time farmer | ||||
| Full-time farmer | 40 (23.39) | 131 (76.61) | 73 (42.69) | 98 (57.31) |
| Part-time farmer | 15 (18.29) | 67 (81.71) | 17 (20.73) | 65 (79.27) |
| Missing | 1 | Somers D = −0.03 | 1 | Somers D = −0.14 |
| Parental education | ||||
| Have not been to school | 27 (16.17) | 140 (83.83) | 37 (22.16) | 130 (77.84) |
| JSS/middle school/primary school | 25 (32.05) | 53 (67.95) | 50 (64.10) | 28 (35.90) |
| SSS/secondary school/vocational or technical training | 4 (44.44) | 5 (55.56) | 4 (44.44) | 5 (55.55) |
| Somers D = 0.16 | Somers D = 0.35 | |||
| Father’s smoking habit | ||||
| Never smoker | 5 (31.25) | 11 (68.75) | 10 (62.50) | 6 (37.50) |
| Past smoker | 4 (21.05) | 15 (78.95) | 4 (21.05) | 15 (78.95) |
| Current smoker | 47 (21.46) | 172 (78.54) | 77 (35.16) | 142 (64.84) |
| Somers D = 0.02 | Somers D = 0.06 | |||
| Mother’s smoking habit | ||||
| Never smoker | 1 (25.00) | 3 (75.00) | 2 (5.00) | 2 (50.00) |
| Past smoker | 1 (20.00) | 4 (80.00) | 2 (40.00) | 3 (60.00) |
| Current smoker | 54 (22.13) | 190 (77.87) | 87 (35.66) | 157 (64.34) |
| Missing | 1 | Somers D = −0.01 | Somers D = 0.02 | |
| Father’s drinking habit | ||||
| Current drinker | 7 (35.00) | 13 (65.00) | 12 (60.00) | 8 (40.00) |
| Past drinker | 8 (19.51) | 33 (80.49) | 23 (56.10) | 18 (43.90) |
| Never drinker | 41 (21.24) | 152 (78.76) | 56 (29.02) | 137 (70.98) |
| Somers D = −0.03 | Somers D = −0.16 | |||
| Mother’s drinking habit | ||||
| Current drinker | 1 (5.26) | 18 (94.74) | 7 (36.84) | 12 (63.16) |
| Past drinker | 4 (5.00) | 4 (5.00) | 4 (50.00) | 4 (50.00) |
| Never drinker | 50 (22.12) | 176 (77.88) | 79 (34.96) | 147 (65.04) |
| Missing | 1 | Somers D = −0.02 | 1 | Somers D = −0.01 |
| Fuel type used | ||||
| Low pollution fuel | 1 (25.00) | 3 (75.00) | 3 (75.00) | 1 (25.00) |
| Medium pollution fuel | 31(22.30) | 108 (77.70) | 43 (30.94) | 96 (69.06) |
| High pollution fuel | 24 (21.62) | 87 (78.38) | 45 (40.54) | 66 (59.46) |
| Somers D = 0.01 | Somers D = −0.05 | |||