. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 3.

Published in final edited form as: Violence Vict. 2021 Apr 1;36(2):320–336. doi: 10.1891/VV-D-20-00060

TABLE 5.

Comparing Frequency of Immediate Bystander Strategies by Gender (N = 121)

	Men N = 60	Women N = 61	Chi-Square Test (df = 1)	Phi Coefficient
Do nothing	10 (16.7%)	5 (8.2%)	2.00	−.129
Engage others^*	1 (1.7%)	7 (11.5%)	4.71^*	.197
Authorities	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–	–
Peers	0 (0%)	3 (4.9%)	–	–
Ambiguous	1 (1.7%)	4 (6.6%)	–	–
Verbally intervene	32 (53.3%)	25 (41.0%)	1.85	−.124
Check in	1 (1.7%)	6 (9.8%)	–	–
Confront	31 (51.7%)	19 (31.1%)	–	–
Physically intervene^**	8 (13.3%)	25 (41.0%)	11.66^**	.310
Distance	6 (10.0%)	23 (37.7%)	–	–
Confront	3 (5.0%)	8 (13.1%)	–	–
Other	3 (5.0%)	8 (13.1%)	2.41	.141
Ambiguous	14 (23.3%)	8 (13.1%)	2.12	−.132

Note. df = degrees of freedom.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.