Fig. 1. Process of converting lignin to LIG and subsequent SC fabrication. (a) Overview of the DLW process and device fabrication. (b) An AL/PEO film. (c) Cross-sectional SEM image of LIG-80 (scale bar is 50 μm, showing LIG thickness of ∼53 μm). (d) Assembled single electrode, with 1 M H2SO4/PVA gel electrolyte applied. (e) Fully assembled sandwich-like SC using two LIG electrodes derived from lignin.
