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. 2022 Apr 20;9:844047. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844047

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Shi, Zhou, Wang, Zhang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exosomes secreted into the plasma of patients with DFU promoted cell senescence and inhibited tube formation in HUVECs. (A) TEM image showing the shape and sides of exosomes isolated from NDF-Exos and DFU-Exos. (B) NTA results showing the size of the exosomes. (C) Western blotting showing the expression of CD63, TSG101, and Calnexin in the exosomes. (D) Results of CCK-8 assay to detect the effects of NDF-Exos and DFU-Exos on cell viability. **P < 0.01 NDF-Exos vs. DFU-Exos. (E) β-gal stain showing β-galactosidase activity in HUVECs treated with NDF-Exos and DFU-Exos. (F) Tube formation in NDF-Exos and DFU-Exos groups. (G) Western blotting showing the expression of PCNA, VEGF, and p16^INK4A in HUVECs incubated with exosomes. **P < 0.01 DFU-Exos vs. NDF-Exos.