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. 2022 May 1;16(1):152–176. doi: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2061834

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Fat body-derived signals regulating body and tissue growth. (a) Drosophila insulin-like peptides (Dilps) from the brain insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and Dilp6 from the fat body act as a main regulator for body and tissue growth during development. surface glia-derived Dilp6 regulates neuroblast reactivation in a nutrient-dependent manner. (b) Action of fat body-derived signals (FDSs) on IPCs for releasing Dilps into circulation during Drosophila larval development. different types of peptide hormones (white) and cytokines (green) coordinate IPC activities in response to multiple nutritional cues. circulating Dilp activity is further regulated by several binding proteins in the haemolymph (purple). Abbreviations; E, ecdysone (an immediate precursor of a biologically active ecdysone); 20E, 20-hydroxyecdysone (a biologically active ecdysone); PG, prothoracic gland; CNS, central nervous system; AAs, amino acids; Sun, Stunted; GBP1/2; growth blocking peptide 1 and -2; Egr, Eiger; CCHa2, CCHamide-2; Upd2, Unpaired-2; Mth, Methuselah; EGF, epidermal growth factor receptor; Mthl10, Methuselah-like 10; Grnd, Grindelwald; CCHa2R, CCHa2 receptor; Dome, Domeless; GABA, Gamma-aminobutyric acid; SDR, secreted decoy of InR; ImpL2, imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2; dALS, Drosophila acid labile subunit.