TABLE 2.

Summary of literature on the correlation between periodontal attachment loss and systemic BMD

Study	Year	Sample size	Periodontitis determinant	Osteoporosis determinant	Age (year)	Patient population	Correlation between CAL and BMD
Mashalkar et al39	2018	94	CAL > 5 mm on 30% site	DXA spine	45–60	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Passos-Soares et al40	2017	492	PD > 5 mm with CAL > 6 mm	None	66.6 ± 7.4	Postmenopausal women	Yes (osteoporosis treatment with CAL)
Penoni et al41	2016	134	PD > 5 mm with CAL > 6 mm	DXA femur, spine	69.8 ± 3.9	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Juluri et al42	2015	100	CAL, PD	DXA spine	60.2 ± 2.1	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Singh et al43	2014	78	PD, CAL, tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	46–54	Postmenopausal women	Yes (CAL and PD), No (tooth loss)
Tak et al44	2014	2990	CAL, tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	64 ± 8	Postmenopausal women	Yes (spine BMD only)
Gondim et al45	2013	148	tooth loss, CAL	DXA femur, spine	58.9 ± 4.3	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Passos et al46	2013	521	PD>5mm with CAL>6mm	DXA femur, spine	60.6 ± 7.3	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Iwasaki et al47	2013	397	CAL, tooth loss, BOP	DXA femur, spine	68.2	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Marjanovic et al48	2013	380	PD > 5.5 mm or CAL > 7 mm	DXA femur, spine	58 ± 4.7	Postmenopausal women	No
Moeintaghavi et al49	2013	60	PD, CAL, tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	50.8–56	Postmenopausal women	No
Grocholewicz et al50	2012	37	CAL, tooth loss	DXA femur, spine, and forearm	59.4 ± 5.6	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Al Habashneh et al51	2010	400	PD > 5 mm with CAL > 6 mm	DXA femur, spine	62.5 ± 6.4	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Nicopoulou et al63	2009	665	tooth loss	DXA spine, femur	45–70	Mixed	Yes
Brennan et al18	2007	1329	CAL	DXA spine, femur, forearm	66.6 ± 7.0	Postmenopausal women	Yes (without subgingival calculus)
Gomes-Filho et al52	2007	139	PD > 4 mm with CAL > 3 mm	DXA femur, spine	58.8 ± 6.4	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Taguchi et al53	2004	1298	tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	70.8 ± 9	Mixed	Yes (femur BMD only)
Mohammad et al54	2003	30	tooth loss; CAL	DXA calcenaous	63.4 ± 8.6	Postmenopausal women	Yes
Pilgram et al55	2002	135	PD, CAL	DXA femur, spine	41–70	Postmenopausal women	No (weak)
Lundstrom et al56	2001	36	BOP; PD; recession;	DXA femur	70	Mixed	No
Tezal et al24	2000	70	CAL, PD, BOP	DXA femur, spine	62.1 ± 7.1	Postmenopausal women	No
Weyant et al57	1999	293	CAL, PD, BOP	DXA femur and spine;	75.5 ± 4.4	Mixed	No
Taguchi et al25	1999	90	tooth loss	CT spine	54.1 ± 7.4	62 postmenopausal	Yes (posterior teeth only)
Mohammad et al58	1997	44	tooth loss; CAL; PD	DXA spine	65.2 ± 1.6	Postmenopausal women	Yes (CAL) No (PD and tooth loss)
Hildebolt et al59	1997	135	tooth loss; CAL; PD	DXA femur, spine	59 ± 6.2	Mixed	No
Mohammad et al60	1996	42	CAL; recession	DXA spine	68 ± 6.8	Postmenopausal women	Yes (gingival recession)
Krall et al64	1996	189	tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	60 ± 6	Postmenopausal women	Yes
May et al65	1995	874	tooth loss	DXA femur, spine	65–76	Mixed	Yes in men, No in women

Abbreviations: BOP, bleeding on probing; CAL, clinical attachment loss; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; PD, probing depth.