Table 3. Weight retention (kg) at 1 and 6 months postpartum.
| Time point | Feeding type | Maternal prepregnancy BMI category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight n = 10647 |
Normal weight n = 48293 |
Overweight n = 4506 |
Obese n = 1023 |
All participants n = 64469 |
|||
| 1 month | Overall | FB | 4.0±2.73*** [4467] | 3.4±3.04*** [20190] | 0.6±4.08** [1416] | -2.7±4.86 [267] | 3.2±3.21*** [26340] |
| NFB | 4.3±2.88 [6180] | 3.6±3.26 [28103] | 1.0±4.33 [3090] | -2.3±5.04 [756] | 3.3±3.53 [38129] | ||
| Weight gain during pregnancy | |||||||
| Below IOM recommendations | FB | 3.0±2.16*** [3272] | 1.9±2.36 [12095] | −3.0±3.18 [487] | −6.4±3.84 [119] | 1.9±2.65** [15973] | |
| NFB | 3.2±2.26 [4329] | 1.9±2.46 [16391] | −2.7±3.27 [1072] | −5.7±3.78 [359] | 1.8±2.92 [22151] | ||
| Within IOM recommendations | FB | 6.3±2.01** [1103] | 5.1±2.10*** [6827] | 1.2±2.32* [603] | −1.1±2.61 [95] | 4.9±2.47* [8628] | |
| NFB | 6.5±1.98 [1676] | 5.3±2.25 [9587] | 1.5±2.47 [1220] | −0.9±2.60 [213] | 5.0±2.68 [12696] | ||
| Above IOM recommendations | FB | 10.0±3.05 [92] | 8.5±2.73** [1268] | 4.9±3.11 [326] | 2.5±3.44 [53] | 7.7±3.34 [1739] | |
| NFB | 10.7±3.16 [175] | 8.8±2.96 [2125] | 5.3±3.40 [798] | 2.7±4.31 [184] | 7.7±3.76 [3282] | ||
| 6 month | Overall | FB | 1.0±2.81*** [4467] | 0.2±3.21*** [20190] | −2.2±4.59*** [1416] | −4.8±5.67** [267] | 0.2±3.37*** [26340] |
| NFB | 1.6±2.82 [6180] | 0.9±3.50 [28103] | −0.7±4.83 [3090] | −3.4±6.40 [756] | 0.8±3.69 [38129] | ||
| Weight gain during pregnancy | |||||||
| Below IOM recommendations | FB | 0.5±2.68*** [3272] | −0.6±2.90*** [12095] | −4.6±4.23*** [487] | −7.5±5.77** [119] | −0.6±3.12*** [15973] | |
| NFB | 1.0±2.45 [4329] | −0.1±3.06 [16391] | −3.1±4.22 [1072] | −5.8±5.93 [359] | −0.1±3.27 [22151] | ||
| Within IOM recommendations | FB | 2.1±2.57*** [1103] | 1.1±2.95*** [6827] | −1.8±3.88*** [603] | −2.7±4.43 [95] | 0.9±3.14*** [8628] | |
| NFB | 2.8±2.84 [1676] | 1.9±3.19 [9587] | −0.4±4.08 [1220] | −1.9±5.22 [213] | 1.7±3.41 [12696] | ||
| Above IOM recommendations | FB | 4.9±3.60* [92] | 3.4±3.94*** [1268] | 0.8±4.38*** [326] | −2.2±4.64 [53] | 2.8±4.28*** [1739] | |
| NFB | 5.9±3.71 [175] | 4.5±4.28 [2125] | 2.2±5.00 [798] | −0.6±6.89 [184] | 3.7±4.86 [3282] | ||
Mean±SD, N in brackets
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001.
Weight gain during pregnancy = (weight at delivery)−(pre-pregnancy weight). BMI: body mass index, FB: full breast-feeding, NFB: non full breast-feeding, IOM: Institute of Medicine.