Table 2. COVID-19 outcomes by cancer status and types.
| Mortality a | Hospitalization a | ICU a | Ventilator a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer subtype (n) | ARR (95% CI) | p-value | ARR (95% CI) | p-value | ARR (95% CI) | p-value | ARR (95% CI) | p-value |
| None (253,179) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||||
| Cancer (18,460) | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 0.028 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.006 | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.41 | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.29 |
| History of cancer (8,034) | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.22 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.093 | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.035 | 0.81 (0.70–0.94) | 0.007 |
| Recent cancer (10,426) | 1.17 (1.08–1.25) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.95–1.11) | 0.54 | 1.05 (0.93–1.17) | 0.45 |
| Subgroup by recent cancer type | ||||||||
| Metastatic (1580) | 2.09 (1.82–2.39) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.13–1.56) | 0.001 | 1.32 (1.04–1.68) | 0.021 |
| Solid (8952) | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) | 0.004 | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.03 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 0.52 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.453 |
| Hematological (2224) | 1.48 (1.30–1.68) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.22–1.40) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.10–1.46) | 0.001 | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 0.001 |
| Cancer types | ||||||||
| Bladder (476) | 0.80 (0.62–1.05) | 0.11 | 1.02 (0.88–1.17) | 0.80 | 1.03 (0.77–1.36) | 0.86 | 0.81 (0.51–1.27) | 0.35 |
| Breast† (2143) | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.47 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.876 | 0.92 (0.74–1.13) | 0.409 | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | 0.70 |
| Colorectal (794) | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | 0.50 | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | 0.42 | 0.81 (0.61–1.07) | 0.14 | 0.90 (0.61–1.35) | 0.62 |
| Endometrial (291)b | 1.62 (0.96–2.74) | 0.07 | 1.15 (0.90–1.46) | 0.27 | 1.58 (1.03–2.41) | 0.04 | 1.53 (0.81–2.90) | 0.19 |
| Kidney (474) | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 0.34 | 1.06 (0.91–1.22) | 0.46 | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) | 0.202 | 0.79 (0.49–1.30) | 0.36 |
| Leukemia (681) | 1.58 (1.29–1.93) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.34–1.66) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.09–1.76) | 0.008 | 1.73 (1.28–2.35) | <0.001 |
| Liver (207) | 2.46 (1.80–3.36) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | 0.05 | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 0.85 | 1.14 (0.63–2.05) | 0.67 |
| Lung (887) | 1.85 (1.58–2.17) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.12–1.63) | 0.002 | 1.21 (0.89–1.63) | 0.22 |
| Melanoma (409) | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 0.82 | 0.86 (0.69–1.06) | 0.163 | 0.89 (0.57–1.38) | 0.61 | 0.58 (0.27–1.27) | 0.177 |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (692) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 0.89 | 1.23 (1.09–1.40) | 0.001 | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 0.90 | 1.49 (1.06–2.11) | 0.02 |
| Pancreatic (121) | 1.94 (1.19–3.16) | 0.008 | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 0.91 | 0.72 (0.35–1.46) | 0.363 | 0.84 (0.33–2.12) | 0.71 |
| Prostate (1781)c | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 0.015 | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.177 | 0.81 (0.68–0.96) | 0.017 | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) | 0.055 |
| Thyroid (476) | 0.83 (0.46–1.51) | 0.55 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 0.035 | 0.58 (0.30–1.11) | 0.10 | 0.38 (0.12–1.19) | 0.10 |
aAdjusted relative risk (ARR) were estimated from modified multivariable Poisson regressions in reference to non-cancer group. All RRs were adjusted for age-group, sex (except breast, endometrial and prostate cancers), race/ethnicity, insurance type, regions, chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, diabetes, obesity, liver, and renal diseases.
bAnalysis was limited to female only.
cAnalysis was limited to male only.