Table 1.
Analytical methods and instruments used for various water quality parameters.
| Parameter | Analytical method | Instrument used (name and model) |
|---|---|---|
| Temp (°C), pH, electrical conductivity (μS/cm), salinity, DO (mg/l) | Digital multiparameter analyzer | Multimeter (HQ40 d, USA) |
| Turbidity (NTU) | Nephalometric | Turbidity meter, HACH 2100A |
| TDS (mg/l) | Gravimetric | Oven dry, Memmert 854 Schwabach |
| Total hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l), calcium (mg/l), and magnesium (mg/l) | EDTA titrimetric | Titration setup |
| Total alkalinity as CaCO3(mg/l) | Titrimetric | Titration setup |
| NO3-N (mg/l), PO43−‐P (mg/l), chlorophyll-a (μg/l) | Spectrophotometric | UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Systonic, India |
| NH3-N | Colorimetric | Distillation setup |
| Chloride (mg/l) | Argentometric | Titration setup |
| Fluorides | SPADNS | DR-2800 (HACH, USA) |
| Potassium (mg/l) | Flame photometry | Dual channel flame photometer, model-2655-10 |
| Iron (mg/l) | Spectrophotometric | DR-2800 (HACH, USA) |
| Chemical oxygen demand (mg/l) | Open reflex | CSB thermostat |
| Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (mg/l) | Modified Winkler | BOD incubator set at 20°C, Memmert, west Germany 854 Schwabach |
| Total coliform bacteria | Membrane filtration | Incubator set at 37°C, Memmert, west Germany |