Table 1.
Characteristics of men at baseline in the quarters of ECP.
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 52.2 ± 5.2 | 55.2 ± 3.9 | 53.6 ± 4.6 | 52.5 ± 4.8 | 50.2 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking (pack-years)a | 7.6 ± 15.4 | 11.9 ± 19.7 | 10.4 ± 17.4 | 5.5 ± 13.1 | 5.8 ± 13.0 | <0.001 |
| Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.90 ± 1.07 | 6.05 ± 1.12 | 6.00 ± 1.06 | 5.86 ± 1.04 | 5.70 ± 0.99 | <0.001 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.04 ± 0.99 | 4.14 ± 1.00 | 4.15 ± 0.98 | 4.00 ± 0.98 | 3.84 ± 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.28 ± 0.81 | 1.42 ± 0.86 | 1.30 ± 0.86 | 1.22 ± 0.80 | 1.21 ± 0.72 | 0.011 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.3 ± 16.8 | 141.1 ± 19.6 | 135.2 ± 15.6 | 132.1 ± 15.3 | 128.0 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 88.1 ± 10.4 | 91.1 ± 11.2 | 89.3 ± 10.2 | 88.7 ± 10.3 | 83.4 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes (% of subjects) | 5.5 | 9.8 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 3.5 | 26.8 ± 3.6 | 26.8 ± 3.4 | 26.7 ± 3.3 | 27.0 ± 3.4 | 0.317 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (kcal/day)b | 367.5 ± 333.9 | 335.6 ± 325.1 | 336.1 ± 295.9 | 380.6 ± 373.0 | 417.3 ± 331.0 | <0.001 |
| Serum C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 3.2 ± 4.5 | 2.3 ± 2.9 | 1.8 ± 2.9 | 1.8 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/week) | 74.3 ± 121.4 | 79.9 ± 157.8 | 72.6 ± 104.8 | 72.6 ± 111.4 | 72.1 ± 103.8 | 0.640 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD, expect type 2 diabetes. Q1: ECP < 9.84 mL/mmHg; Q2: ECP = 9.84–11.64 mL/mmHg; Q3: ECP = 11.65–13.92 mL/mmHg; Q4: ECP >13.92 mL/mmHg.
Abbreviations: ECP = exercise cardiac power; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; Q = quartile.
a
Pack-years denotes the lifelong exposure to smoking, which was estimated as a product of years smoked and the number of tobacco products smoked daily at the time of examination.
b
Leisure-time physical activity is defined as leisure-time physical activity using the 12-month leisure-time physical activity questionnaire.