Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review
| Study | Study period | Cohort, n | IMDC risk (%) |
Pathology (%) |
Therapeutic | Study | Confounders | BMI cutoffs | Median | HR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| and location | (% FLIO) | FR | IR | PR | CC | NCC | regimens | design | adjusted for | (kg/m2) | FU (mo) | OS | PFS | |
| De Giorgi et al, 2019 [25] | 2015–2016 Italy |
313 (0) |
19 | 70 | 11 | 89 | 9 | Nivolumab | PS | Age and SII | ≥25 vs <25 | >12 | cHR 0.67 (0.47–0.95) aHR 0.63 (0.44–0.92) |
NA |
| Labadie et al, 2020 [26] | 2011–2018 USA |
90 (9) |
20 | 65 | 6 | 100 | 0 | Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab | RS | Brain mets. or irAE a | 25–30 vs <25 (≥30 vs <25) |
13.5 | cHR 0.38 (0.15–0.97) | cHR 0.50 (0.28–0.88) |
| Sanchez et al, 2020 [27] | 2011–2018 USA |
203 (24) |
18 | 63 | 16 | 100 | 0 | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or IO-based combinations | RS | IMDC criteria, age, sex | ≥30 vs 18.5–25 | >12 | cHR 0.54 (0.31–0.95) aHR 0.60 (0.34–1.08) |
NA |
| Colomba et al, 2020 [28] | 2016–2018 France |
708 (0) |
18 | 56 | 25 | 100 | 0 | Nivolumab | PS | IMDC criteria, age, performance status, no. of PLTs | 25–30 vs <25 ≥30 vs <25 |
23.9 | cHR 0.82 (0.65–1.03) aHR 0.96 (0.76–1.23) |
NA |
| Martini et al, 2020 [29] | 2015–2018 USA |
100 (31) |
15 | 55 | 22 | 72 | 20 | Anti-PD-1 or IO-based combinations | RS | IMDC criteria, age, sex, race/ethnicity, histology, no. of mets. | ≥25 vs <25 | >12 | aHR 0.51 (0.25–1.02) | aHR 0.61 (0.36–1.04) |
| Takemura et al, 2020 [30] | 2016–2019 Japan |
60 (0) |
8 | 85 | 7 | 82 | 18 | Nivolumab | RS | Prior nephrectomy and CONUT score | ≥25 vs <25 | 26.4 | cHR 0.59 (0.19–1.88) aHR 0.66 (0.19–2.29) |
cHR 0.38 (0.15–1.01) aHR 0.60 (0.21–1.69) |
| Boi et al, 2020 [31] | 2015–2019 USA |
72 (6) |
29 | 64 | 6 | 85 | 8 | Nivolumab or pembrolizumab | RS | IMDC criteria, age, sex, and no. of PLTs | ≥25 vs <25 (≥30 vs <30) |
>12 | cHR 0.90 (0.35–2.32) aHR 0.96 (0.37–2.54) |
cHR 0.80 (0.37–1.70) aHR 0.84 (0.39–1.81) |
| Lalani et al, 2021 [32] | 2005–2019 USA |
735 (31) |
15 | 51 | 19 | 84 | 15 | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or IO-based combinations | RS | IMDC criteria, age, sex, race/ethnicity, histology, SFs and type/line of therapy | ≥25 vs <25 | 13.5 | cHR 0.58 (0.45–0.75) aHR 0.75 (0.57–0.95) |
NA |
aHR = adjusted hazard ratio; BMI = body mass index; CC = clear cell; cHR = crude hazard ratio; CI = confidence intervals; CONUT = Controlling Nutritional Status; FLIO = first-line IO; FR = favourable risk; FU = follow-up; HR = hazard ratio; IMDC = International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium; IO = immuno-oncology; irAE = immune-related adverse event; IR = intermediate risk; mets. = metastases; NA = not available; NCC = non–clear cell; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; PLTs = prior lines of therapy; PR = poor risk; PS = prospective study; RS = retrospective study; SFs = sarcomatoid features; SII = Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index.
HR was controlled in a subset of 52 patients with clinical benefit but not in all patients.