Table 2.

Average values of the total amount or curcumin (CUR) from commercial turmeric permeated in a 12 h assay (AUC_0-12), curcumin flux (J) through the skin, time to attain maximum concentration (t_max) and maximum concentration attained of permeated curcumin (C_max), for the gel formulations integrating curcumin at 1.0 % (w/w), 1.5 % (w/w) and 2.0 % (w/w) and CG-DES at 0 % (w/w), 0.5 % (w/w), 1.0 % (w/w), 1.5 % (w/w), 2.0 % (w/w), and 2.5% (w/w). All values displayed represent the mean of three experiments and associated standard deviations.

CUR (%, w/w)	CG-DES (%, w/w)	AUC0-12 (µg)	J (µg·mm−2·h−1)	Tmax (min)	Cmax (µg·mL−1)	(r2)
2.0	2.0	3079.3 ± 603.2	2.45 ± 0.83	160.0 ± 70.0	7.16 ± 1.03	0.9307