2nd order code (OCC)		1st order codes (OCC)		Text selected and Nation of reference		Page	References
Society	2	Social impact	1	NL	The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and the NWO are investing approximately €3 million in research to gain more insight into the impact of digital technologies (such as AI) on work and employment	p. 31	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
		Digital welfare solution	1	DK	The government has also proposed a new investment fund to expedite the dissemination of digital welfare solutions. Together with initiatives already launched, the investment fund will have a total investment budget of DKK 410 million (EUR 63.1 million) for 2018–2022	p. 20	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB, 2019)
Cooperation	3	Public collaboration	1	NL	There will be thematic research calls for public-public collaboration, such as a recent call from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), initiated by the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations and worth €2.3 million, on explainable, socially aware and responsible AI (closing date 5 November 2019)	p. 44	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
		Public–Private collaboration	1	DK	In 2019, Digital Hub Denmark will also spend up to DKK 7 million (EUR 930,000) to develop public–private collaboration models to, among other things, improve the possibilities for life-science businesses to use, for example artificial intelligence in connection with research into health data	p. 58	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB, 2019)
		International collaboration	1	DK	In collaboration with researchers from the US and Australia, researchers from Aalborg University will develop algorithms that can manage systems associated with great uncertainty. Independent Research Fund Denmark has granted DKK 5.8 million (EUR 800,000) to the project	p. 69	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB, 2019)
National Funds	11	Current Investment	6	BE	While many European countries now have an AI-focused strategy, Belgium does not yet. Having said that, multiple initiatives are now underway. Flanders has launched its AI strategy, planning to spend an annual EUR 30 m on implementing AI in companies, top strategic research and flanking measures such as education, outreach and ethics	p. 5	AI4Belgium (AI4BELGIUM Coalition 2019)
				DK	In collaboration with the social partners and representatives from higher education institutions, the government has set up a vocational adult education and training working group which, among other things, will advise on the competence needs of the labour market in the light of technological and digital developments. As part of this National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, the working group will examine whether there is a need to launch initiatives on the basis of the development of artificial intelligence, for example in the form of new education programmes, analyses and development projects. An annual amount of DKK 5 million (EUR 670,000) has been allocated for initiatives by the working group Under the Strategy for Denmark’s Digital Growth, the government has allocated DKK 110 million (EUR 15 million) for the Digital Hub Denmark initiative, which, among other things, is to market and strengthen Denmark’s position as an attractive growth environment for artificial intelligence	p. 48	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
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				DE	In the 2019 federal budget, the Federation has taken the first step, allocating a total of €500 million to beef up the AI strategy for 2019 and the following years. Up to and including 2025, the Federation intends to provide around €3 billion for the implementation of the Strategy. The leverage effect this will have on business, science and the Länder will mean that the overall amount available is at least doubled	p. 6	Artificial Intelligence Strategy (FEELS 2018)
				MT	Financial support will be provided for AI-related research commercialisation programmes and technology development (including financial support for research, development and innovation) in Malta’s areas of Smart Specialisation (ICT as an Enabler, ICT Based Innovation, Tourism Product Development, Aviation and Aerospace, Health, Resource Efficient Buildings, High Value-Added Manufacturing, Aquaculture) through the Malta Council for Science and Technology (MCST) R&I FUSION Programme until 2020. The annual budget currently allocated to the R&I FUSION Programme is €2.2 m	p. 21	Malta the Ultimate AI launchpad: A strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030 (PSFDI 2019)
				ES	The contributions made by the state bodies financing RDI, CDTI, AEI, ISCIII, MINECO and MINCOTUR, to the activities contributing to AI have involved 457 actions worth almost 114 million euros in financing (subsidies and credits)47. These actions have been granted through the tools offered by the four State Programmes developed in the State Plans and their Strategic Actions included in the EECTI 2013–2020 and the Natural Language Technologies Plan (2016–2018 calls). In the same period for the R&D Framework Programme H2020 there was Spanish participation in 116 actions related to AI that obtained a funding of € 79.30 million	p. 20	Spanish RDI Strategy in Artificial Intelligence (IMSU 2019)
		Future Investment	5	BE	Based on a yearly per capita investment, to match Finland, France and Germany, our minimum ambition level should be EUR 80 million per year. This corresponds to at least EUR 1 billion by 2030 A few principles to ensure a sustainable implementation: ensuring continued trust from the public, a European approach, collaboration between all stakeholders, a grass-roots/community-led approach, focus on specific areas (such as healthcare/life sciences) and, lastly, daring to be ambitious and audacious. This will require an investment of at least EUR 1 billion by 2030	p. 28	AI4Belgium (AI4BELGIUM Coalition, 2019)
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				DK	With their declaration AI in the Nordic-Baltic region, the Nordic and Baltic countries have agreed to cooperate on artificial intelligence to secure digital skills, access to data based on common standards, ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence, and to promote the development of the technology in Europe. The strategy contains 24 initiatives. The government has earmarked DKK 60 million (EUR 9.2 million) for 2019–2027	p. 19	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
				FI	In the short term, innovation funding should be targeted to the following themes in particular, with €100 m as a permanent increase in innovation funding from 2019:  − The application of artificial intelligence in different sectors and the development of business expertise  − Enterprise-driven ecosystems and strategic projects, the funding models for which will make it possible for new actors to join flexibly	p. 53	Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence (MEAE 2017)
				NL	The Netherlands is already benefiting from European opportunities and will continue to focus on them. Within the European Horizon 2020 programme, €986 million was allocated to 580 AI-related projects from 2014 to 2017. Dutch parties received €61 million (6.1%) of this. Assuming the same share, a budget of €48 million per year will be available for Dutch parties in AI-related European projects in the coming years. This can only be achieved if Dutch parties are and remain well connected at the European level by highlighting and supporting European initiatives	p. 29	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
Innovation	7	Digital Technology	4	BE	Moreover, the Investment Pact, proposed by the Prime Minister, identified close to EUR 30 billion worth of investments in digital transformation	p. 5	AI4Belgium (AI4BELGIUM Coalition, 2019)
				DK	In the 2019 State Budget, the Danish government has allocated DKK 215 million (EUR 27 million) to Innovation Fund Denmark to conduct research into new technological possibilities. The Budget also allocates DKK 80 million (EUR 10.7 million) to the Independent Research Fund Denmark to conduct research into digital technologies, including artificial intelligence. As part of the funds allocated for research into new technological possibilities under Innovation Fund Denmark, DKK 100 million (EUR 13.4 million) will be earmarked for a national centre for research into new digital technologies This is a supplement to the DKK 295 million (EUR 45.4 million) allocated in the Finance Act 2019 from the research reserve for research into new technological possibilities and digital technologies and for a national centre for research into digital technologies More than DKK 600 million (EUR 80.5 million) have been set aside to develop technological services for Danish businesses for the period 2019–2020. This will supplement the funding that has been set aside under Innovation Fund Denmark, which also promotes new technological solutions, see focus area 3	p. 46	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
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		Cybersecurity	1	DK	In the years to come, DKK 1.5 billion (EUR 200 million) will be invested in work by the Ministry of Defence on cyber and information security. Furthermore, six targeted strategies have been drawn up for work in the most critical sectors on cyber and information security in accordance with the principle of sector responsibility	p. 30	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
		Data Collection	1	DK	Up to 2023, a large number of datasets on weather observations and forecasts will be made freely available for everyone. This will make it possible for electricity plants, for example, to develop solutions that adjust the production of electricity to wind and weather conditions, or for businesses to develop new apps for consumers. With its Health Data Programme, the government has also earmarked DKK 250 mill. to ensure better data quality and databases and to strengthen cross-sectoral cooperation on health data	p. 33	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
		Supercomputing	1	NL	Ministerial departments have the opportunity to invest in AI-related research themselves. The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport has chosen to invest in Prevention and Big Data and this investment has been doubled by the National Science Agenda. To ensure that researchers have access to sufficient computing capacity, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science is investing €18 million in a new national supercomputer at SURF	p. 27	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
International representation	1	National promotion	1	MT	The Maltese Government has placed the development of new emerging technological sectors such as AI as a national priority. Through Tech.mt, a public–private foundation tasked with promoting Malta as a leading global hub for emerging technologies, including AI, the Government will provide €1 m per annum in funding to raise the visibility of the country’s offering and promote Maltese AI businesses through various marketing activities, with participation in and sponsorship of leading global AI and tech summits in Malta and overseas	p. 21	Malta the Ultimate AI launchpad: A strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030 (PSFDI 2019)
Education	12	Employee Training	6	MT	The Investing in Skills programme, co-financed through the European Social Fund (ESF), will be operational until 30 June 2023 and has a budget of €5 m to help employed people develop and increase knowledge and skills through training	p. 37	Malta the Ultimate AI launchpad: A strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030 (PSFDI 2019)
				NL	A scheme that will structurally make more than €200 million available in the form of individual budgets for training and development will be presented to the House of Representatives after the summer of 2019. This ‘STAP’ (Labour Market Position Stimulus) budget replaces the current tax deduction scheme for training and is accessible to everyone up to the state pension age The Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment is developing a scheme to implement the Wiersma motion, which will structurally make €48 million a year available from 2020 to promote a learning culture in SMEs and the Heerma motion, which will make a total of €60 million available over a period of five years to provide additional support to the agricultural, hospitality and recreation sectors in order to attract more ‘BBL’ students (students in the ‘work-based’ VET learning pathway) With ‘MKB!dee’, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy is challenging SMEs to come up with ideas that will lead to more investment in the training and development of workers. While intended for all SMEs, the scheme focuses in particular on the challenges of technical SMEs and digitalisation. It relates to the broad effects of digitalisation, not to the ICT sector as such. In 2019, €7.5 million is available The Regioal MBO Investment Fund (Regionaal Investeringsfonds mbo) scheme provides €25 million a year until 2022 for projects that improve the connection of Senior secondary vocational education (MBO) to the labour market, for example, if the profession for which they offer training changes as a result of AI	p. 31	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
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		AI Literacy for Citizens	2	DK	The tripartite agreement from October 2017 put focus on creating a vocational adult education and training system that is better geared to strengthening digital competences of the entire workforce and to adapting to the changing needs of the labour market. To support this, a transition fund of DKK 95 million (EUR 12.7 million) annually was set up. In addition to the transition fund DKK 8 million (EUR 1.1 million) is allocated to additional activities	p. 48	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
				FR	Under the Big Investment Plan 2018–2022, €15bn have been ring-fenced for vocational training, primarily for the benefit of low-skilled jobseekers and low-skilled young NEETs (not in employment, education or training). This budget forms the skills investment plan (PIC)	p. 91	For a meaningful Artificial Intelligence (Villani, 2018)
		Educational Fund	4	DK	The government has launched a talent programme to provide the most talented and motivated students with better opportunities and greater challenges, so they become even more skilled in their fields. The government will set aside a pool of DKK 190 million (EUR 25 million) to cover all technical fields, including new technologies like artificial intelligence	p. 45	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
				FI	The absence of applied studies is also evident in universities of applied sciences and in vocational education and training. However, as stated in the budget proposal, universities of applied sciences will be allocated five million euros for their RDI activities. This appropriation should be used in a targeted way in cooperation with business to create high added-value products and services, especially in the utilisation of artificial intelligence, robotics and digitalisation applications in various sectors	p. 50	Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence (MEAE 2017)
				NL	Commissioned by the Minister of Education, Culture and Science, the universities have drawn up sectoral plans for the STEM, Social Sciences and Humanities sectors. The Ministry will contribute an extra €70 million to this, and the periodic resources for profiling can also be used for this purpose The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science support the Education Innovation with ICT Acceleration Plan for all higher education institutions (universities of applied sciences and research universities) by making €15 million available over four years	p. 32	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
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Private	8	Companies Investments	8	DK	It is proposed to launch a pilot project in the form of an investment pool of DKK 20 million (EUR 3.1 million) over four years targeting companies with a business model based on artificial intelligence. The prerequisite for this is 50 percent financing from the private sector amounting to a total investment pool of DKK 40 million (EUR 6.2 million). The fund will be managed by the Danish Growth Fund The government will launch a pilot project in the form of an investment pool of DKK 20 million (EUR 2.7million) over four years, and this will be targeted at enterprises with a business model based on artificial intelligence. The fund will be managed by the Danish Growth Fund. The aim of the project is to build a bridge between investors and Danish businesses within artificial intelligence and thereby nurture the Danish market for artificial intelligence solutions Given the requirement for private co-financing, the initiative will have a leverage effect, as private capital is also invested in the businesses. If the private level of funding is assumed to be about 50%, about DKK 40 million (about EUR 5.4 million) will be invested in the development of Danish businesses based on artificial intelligence. The effect of investments will be regularly reviewed and the project will be adjusted accordingly	p 0.21	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
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				DE	We are creating new funding opportunities for venture capital and venture debt and will launch a Tech Growth Fund Initiative. The Federal Government is continuing to use its successful, well-established funding instruments for start-ups and is also developing new instruments designed to strengthen the German venture capital and venture debt markets. This includes the new, independent KfW Capital equity entity, which is to increase the annual amount of investment KfW provides to the Venture Capital and Venture Debt Funds to €200 million by 2020, thereby making it easier for young, innovative and high-growth technology firms to secure financing for their start-up and growth stages	p. 24	Artificial Intelligence Strategy (FEELS 2018)
				MT	Malta Enterprise has launched various incentives schemes which can finance innovative AI undertakings with a viable business concept in their early stages of development. The incentive schemes will run through 2019 and 2020 and may be extended to the following years. Assistance includes: seed funding grants of up to €25,000 under Business START (B.Start). The total budget available for this scheme is currently €1 m per year Repayable advances structured as a mezzanine finance instrument to support start-ups with a proven business concept undertake initiatives linked to raising equity investment from third parties, procuring equipment and crowd-funding. Typical support is in the range of €200,000 and advances are repayable over a number of years	p. 23	Malta the Ultimate AI launchpad: A strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030 (PSFDI 2019)
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				NL	In order to stimulate technology-driven entrepreneurship, a new government-wide start-up and scale-up strategy was published in June 2018, with an implementation budget of €65 million The Limburg Business Development Fund of LIOF (the Regional Development Agency of the Province of Limburg) provided eight early-stage AI-related financings and grants totalling €3.8 million	p. 23	Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence (MEC 2019)
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Public	5	Investment for Local Administrations	1	DK	The initiatives will support the implementation of artificial intelligence in the public sector. The ambition of the government is to allocate to the municipalities and the regions DKK 200 million (almost EUR 27 million) to establish an investment fund to test and deploy new technologies and digital welfare solutions in municipalities and regions. Together with initiatives already launched, the fund will have a total investment budget of DKK 410 million (EUR 55 million) up to 2022	p. 53	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
		AI research	4	AT	Public funding at the federal level for AI research totalled to EUR 349.9 million between 2012 and 2017	p. 8	ATM AT 2030: Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (FMTI 2018)
				DK	Denmark is among the countries in the OECD with the highest public investment in research and development, measured in relation to GDP, and there are strong research environments within artificial intelligence. The total public research budget for 2019 is DKK 23 billion (EUR 3.1 billion)	p. 14	National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (MIB 2019)
				LT	AI academic research projects also received EUR 6.5 million from the Ministry of Education and Science. Private investment came primarily from venture capital firms with varying origins including Lithuania, United States, France and Russia	p. 8	Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A Vision for the Future (MEI 2019)
				SE	In November 2017, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW) also announced that it would donate SEK 1 billion to AI research	p. 7	National Approach to Artificial Intelligence, (MEIn 2019)