TABLE 2.
Properties of MNs for biomarker capture.
| MN material | Manufacturing method | Target biomarker | Recognition mechanism | Sampling amount/efficiency | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold-coated silicon | Deep reactive ion etching | AF-igg | Immunoaffinity | — | Corrie et al. (2010) |
| Gold-coated silicon | Deep reactive ion etching | Dengue Virus NS1 Protein | Immunoaffinity | 8 µg/ml | Muller D. A. et al. (2012) |
| Polystyrene | Micromolding | Il-6 matricellular protein periostin | Immunoaffinity | 0.33 pg/ml | Wang Z. et al. (2021) |
| Immunoaffinity | — | ||||
| Al | Micromachined, electrochemical anodization | E2 | Immunoaffinity | 0.5–1,000 ng/ml (<1 min) | Kang et al. (2020) |
| PEG and PEGDA | Micromolding | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 | Immunoaffinity | — | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Glass and ETPTA | Micromolding | LPS | Immunoaffinity | 0.0064 EU/ml | Yi et al. (2021) |
| Poly(lactide) | Micromolding | miR-210 | Watson−Crick base pairing | ∼6.5 μl in 2 min | Al Sulaiman et al. (2019) |
| AuNWs, PMVE, and MA | Micromolding | EBV Cf DNA | Double spatial-orientated recognition | 93.6% | Yang B. et al. (2019) |
| AuNWs, PMVE, and MA | Micromolding | EBV Cf DNA | Double spatial-orientated recognition and reverse iontophoresis | 95.4% | Yang et al. (2020) |
ETPTA, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; EBV Cf DNA, Epstein–Barr virus cell-free DNA; AuNWs, Au Nanowires; PMVE, polymethyl vinyl ether-alt; MA, maleic acid.