TABLE 3.

Properties of MN-based sensor.

Analysis approach	Analysis object	Detection/continuous monitoring	Test subject	References
Electrochemical	Glucose	Detection	ISF samples	Strambini et al. (2015)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Mice	Liu Y. et al. (2021)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Artificial ISF	Bollella et al. (2019c)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Phosphate-buffered saline	Invernale et al. (2014)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Buffered saline	Ribet et al. (2018)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Volunteers	Sharma et al. (2016)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Volunteers	Kim et al. (2019)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Healthy volunteers and T1D	Sharma et al. (2018)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Rabbit	Lee et al. (2016)
	Glucose	Continuous monitoring	Mice	Chen et al. (2015)
	Lactate	Detection	Sensor-enclosing device	Wang Y. et al. (2020)
	Lactate	Detection	Mice	Li Q. et al. (2021)
	Lactate	Continuous monitoring	Artificial ISF	Bollella et al. (2019a)
	H2O2	Real-time monitoring	Living HeLa cells	Zhou et al. (2017)
	H2O2	Real-time monitoring	Mice	Jin et al. (2019)
	Potassium	Detection	Chicken and porcine skin	Parrilla et al. (2019)
	Urea	Detection	Artificial ISF and alginate epidermal/skin mimic	Senel et al. (2019)
	Alcohol	Real-time monitoring	Artificial ISF and mice skin	Mohan et al. (2017)
	Organophosphate	Detection	Mice skin	Mishra et al. (2017)
	Phenoxymethylpenicillin	Real-time monitoring	Volunteers	Rawson et al. (2019)
	Beta-lactam antibiotics	Continuous monitoring	Volunteers	Gowers et al. (2019)
	Levodopa	Continuous monitoring	Artificial ISF and mice skin-	Goud et al. (2019)
	Glucose, lactate	Detection	Solution	Calio et al. (2016)
	Glucose, lactate	Detection	Porcine kidney	Samper et al. (2019)
	Glucose, lactate	Detection	Artificial ISF	Bollella et al. (2019b)
	Myoglobin, troponin	Detection	Solution	Miller et al. (2016)
	HB, glucose, and lactate	Detection	Artificial ISF	Teymourian et al. (2020)
	Glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol	Detection	Solution	Gao et al. (2019)
SERS	Glucose	Detection	Skin phantom	Yuen and Liu (2014)
	Glucose	Detection	Mouse	Ju et al. (2020)
	MB	Detection	Skin phantom	Linh et al. (2021)
	pH	Detection	Agar gel skin phantom and human skin	Park et al. (2019)
Colorimetric	Glucose	Detection	Simulated ISF	Nicholas et al. (2018)
	Glucose	Detection	Mouse	Zeng et al. (2020)
	Glucose	Detection	Mice	Wang Z. et al. (2020)
	pH, glucose, uric acid, and temperature	Detection/monitoring	Rabbit	He et al. (2021)

T1D, participants with type 1 diabetes; HB, β-hydroxybutyrate; NO, nitric oxide; MB, methylene blue.