Table 3.

Whole cohort, substances implicated and prescribed by gender^†.

Substance implicated in death or prescribed	Females N (%)	Males N (%)	Kendall tau-b (OR, 95% CI)
Antidepressants implicated	747 (30.4)	1,034 (13.4)	−16.54** (0.36, 0.32–0.40)
Antidepressants prescribed	1,138 (46.3)	2,008 (26.1)	−17.61** (0.41, 0.37–0.45)
Hypnotics/sedatives implicated	569 (23.2)	1,629 (21.2)	−2.07* (0.89, 0.80–0.99)
Hypnotics/sedatives prescribed	781 (31.8)	1,561 (20.3)	−10.93** (0.55, 0.49–0.60)
Methadone implicated	589 (24.0)	1,696 (22.0)	−1.99* (0.90, 0.81–0.10)
Methadone prescribed	275 (11.2)	772 (10.0)	−1.62 (0.88, 0.76–1.02)
Diazepam implicated	379 (15.4)	1,234 (16.0)	0.71 (1.05, 0.92–1.19)
Diazepam prescribed	441 (17.9)	934 (12.1)	−6.76** (0.63, 0.56–0.71)

^†Excludes missing values.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01.