Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 May 5;42(6):1111–1129. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 7 — Proposed diagnostic algorithm for rapid identification of neutralizing IFN-AAB-positive patients. The number needed to screen (NNS) is based on results from the cross-sectional cohort (CSC). ELISA for IFN-AAB detection was considered to be positive if it exceeded the 97.5th percentile of the healthy control cohort. (1) NNS of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients without preselection was 31.0 (403 patients in total, 13 patients with neutralizing IFN-AABs). (2) Prescreening of patients using the clinical criteria of fever at admission and need for supplemental oxygen within the first 72 h after hospitalization diminished the NNS in the IFN-AAB ELISA (3) by half, to 15.6 (172/11). For patients identified as positive in the screening ELISA, the NNS in the competition assay to confirm the presence of IFN-specific AABs is reduced to 1.4 (15/11) (4). For patients with high-titer IFN-AABs (light signal count > 35.639), the competition assay can be omitted. Patients highly positive in the IFN-AAB ELISA and those with specific results in the competition assay may be included in clinical studies that aim testing specific therapies, including therapeutic plasma exchange (5). Figure created with BioRender.com