Table 3.
Perinatal Deaths, Stillbirths, and Neonatal and Infant Deathsa
| Outcomes | No./No. (Cases/1 000) |
IFA vs FA |
MMN vs FA |
MMN vs IFA |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FA | IFA | MMN | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI) | |
|
| |||||||||
| Perinatal deathb | 52/5934 | 52/5954 | 49/5942 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.94 | 0.02 |
| (8.76) | (8.73) | (8.25) | (0.68 to 1.46) | (−0.03 to 0.03) | (0.64 to 1.39) | (−0.04 to 0.03) | (0.64 to 1.39) | (−0.04 to 0.03) | |
| Stillbirthc | 28/5934 | 28/5954 | 26/5942 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.01 |
| (4.72) | (4.70) | (4.38) | (0.59 to 1.68) | (−0.03 to 0.02) | (0.54 to 1.58) | (−0.03 to 0.02) | (0.55 to 1.58) | (−0.03 to 0.02) | |
| Early neonatal deathd | 24/5906 | 24/5926 | 23/5916 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.01 |
| (4.06) | (4.05) | (3.89) | (0.57 to 1.75) | (−0.02 to 0.02) | (0.54 to 1.69) | (−0.02 to 0.02) | (0.54 to 1.70) | (−0.02 to 0.02) | |
| Neonatal deathe | 29/5906 | 32/5926 | 26/5916 | 1.10 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 0.01 |
| (4.91) | (5.40) | (4.39) | (0.67 to 1.82) | (−0.02 to 0.03) | (0.53 to 1.52) | (−0.03 to 0.02) | (0.49 to 1.36) | (−0.04 to 0.02) | |
| Infant deathf | 45/5906 | 44/5926 | 45/5915 | 0.97 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.02 |
| (7.62) | (7.42) | (7.61) | (0.64 to 1.48) | (−0.03 to 0.03) | (0.66 to 1.50) | (−0.03 to 0.03) | (0.68 to 1.55) | (−0.03 to 0.03) | |
Abbreviations: FA, folic acid; IFA, iron–folic acid; MMN, multiple micronutrient; RD, risk difference; RR, relative risk.
a
χ2 Tests were used to examine statistical differences in death rates between each of the 2 groups. P > .05 for all comparisons.
b
Stillbirth and early neonatal death. Perinatal death is primary outcome.
c
From 28 weeks of gestation to delivery.
d
From birth to 6 days after delivery.
e
From birth to 28 days after delivery.
f
During the first year of life.