TABLE 3.
Mean Scores on Neurocognitive Tests by Heart Failure Type and Effect Sizes Compared With Those With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
| No HF (n=5,281) | HFpEF (n=205) | HFrEF (n=60) | HFpEF vs No HF | HFpEF vs HFrEF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Domain | Neurocognitive Test | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Hedges’ g | Hedges’ g |
| Memory | DWRT | 5.4 (1.7) | 5.1 (1.8) | 4.9 (1.8)a | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| LMT Part I | 22.3 (7.1) | 21.8 (7.0) | 21.2 (6.3) | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
| Incidental Learning Test | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.1 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.1) | 0.15 | 0.13 | |
| LMT Part II | 17.4 (7.7) | 16.8 (7.2) | 16.8 (6.7) | 0.08 | 0.01 | |
| Attention/processing speed | DSB | 5.7 (2.0) | 5.4 (1.9) | 5.4 (1.7) | 0.14 | 0.03 |
| DSST | 39.3 (11.5) | 34.3 (10.1)b | 34.3 (10.9)a | 0.44 | 0.004 | |
| TMT Part A | 46.0 (24.1) | 55.2 (26.7)b | 55.7 (31.6)a | 0.38 | 0.02 | |
| Language/verbal fluency | Animal naming | 16.6 (4.9) | 15.5 (4.8)b | 15.6 (4.3) | 0.24 | 0.02 |
| BNT | 25.3 (4.8) | 24.5 (5.3) | 24.7 (5.1) | 0.17 | 0.04 | |
| WFT (fas) | 34.0 (12.0) | 30.4 (12.2)b | 30.4 (10.0) | 0.30 | 0.002 | |
| Executive function | TMT Part B | 122.5 (58.2) | 145.0 (59.3)b | 135.1 (53.4) | 0.39 | 0.17 |
| Global cognitive function | MMSE | 27.6 (2.5) | 27.1 (2.8)b | 27.1 (2.7) | 0.22 | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: BNT, Boston Naming Test; DSB, Digit Span Backwards; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; DWRT, Delayed Word Recall Test; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LMT, Logical Memory Test; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TMT, Trail Making Test; WFT (fas), Word Fluency Test using letters f, a, and s.
a
Group with HFrEF significantly different than group with no heart failure.
b
Group with HFpEF significantly different than group with no heart failure.