Table. Investigated Genome-Wide Association Study Data Sets.
| Phenotype name | Sample size | Quality control + SNV | Heritability (SE) | Heritability z score | PubMed Identification No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder | 53 293 | 1098642 | 0.37 (0.02) | 15.4 | 30478444 |
| Anorexia nervosaa | 72 517 | 1094901 | 0.18 (0.01) | 15.2 | 31308545 |
| Bipolar disorder | 51 710 | 1098642 | 0.35 (0.02) | 13.6 | 31043756 |
| Cross disordera | 107 785 | 1094901 | 0.18 (0.01) | 19.9 | 31835028 |
| Cannabis use disordera | 357 806 | 1109803 | 0.02 (0) | 25.7 | 33096046 |
| Generalized anxiety disordera,b | 175 163 | 1094901 | 0.06 (0) | 10.8 | 31906708 |
| Major depressive disorder | 500 199 | 1156949 | 0.06 (0) | 25.0 | 30718901 |
| Neuroticism, personalitya,b | 168 105 | 1168849 | 0.09 (0.01) | 14.3 | 29292387 |
| Obsessive compulsive disordera | 9725 | 1163150 | 0.35 (0.05) | 7.4 | 28761083 |
| Opioid use disorder | 82 707 | 644417 | 0.05 (0.01) | 6.1 | 32492095 |
| Problematic alcohol use | 453 563 | 651122 | 0.07 (0) | 19.8 | 32451486 |
| Posttraumatic stress disordera | 174 659 | 1169663 | 0.02 (0) | 5.5 | 31594949 |
| Risk tolerance, personalityb | 315 894 | 1177066 | 0.11 (0) | 26.4 | 30643258 |
| Schizophrenia | 105 318 | 1143915 | 0.41 (0.01) | 29.5 | 29483656 |
| Tourette syndrome | 14 307 | 1160750 | 0.35 (0.04) | 8.4 | 30818990 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 289 307 | 1129988 | 0.03 (0) | 9.6 | 31427789 |
| Asthma | 385 822 | 1129988 | 0.05 (0) | 11.5 | 31427789 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 40 835 | 1165234 | 0.07 (0.02) | 4.3 | 26482879 |
| Celiac diseasea | 15 283 | 279852 | 0.31 (0.05) | 6.3 | 20190752 |
| Crohn disease | 40 226 | 1144031 | 0.42 (0.04) | 9.5 | 28067908 |
| Hypothyroidism | 244 890 | 1137440 | 0.04 (0) | 10.4 | 31427789 |
| Primary biliary cholangitis | 13 239 | 1026464 | 0.38 (0.06) | 6.4 | 26394269 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitisa | 14 890 | 730668 | 0.24 (0.05) | 4.6 | 27992413 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 58 284 | 1169105 | 0.14 (0.02) | 8.0 | 24390342 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 23 210 | 1171324 | 0.25 (0.04) | 5.7 | 26502338 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 26 890 | 872453 | 0.17 (0.03) | 5.3 | 21980299 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 45 975 | 1144091 | 0.25 (0.02) | 10.8 | 28067908 |
| Vitiligo | 44 266 | 1088792 | 0.18 (0.02) | 8.6 | 27723757 |
| Body mass index | 806 834 | 1182634 | 0.19 (0.01) | 36.9 | 30239722 |
| Cigarettes/d | 263 954 | 1172680 | 0.07 (0.01) | 10.6 | 30643251 |
| Cognitive processing | 257 828 | 1167777 | 0.19 (0.01) | 31.0 | 30038396 |
| Drinks/wk, alcoholic | 537 349 | 1172598 | 0.05 (0) | 32.1 | 30643251 |
| Educational attainment | 766 345 | 1172989 | 0.11 (0) | 41.0 | 30038396 |
| Exercise frequency | 367 908 | 1129988 | 0.04 (0) | 18.0 | 31427789 |
| Heart rate | 361 411 | 1115092 | 0.13 (0.01) | 17.4 | 31427789 |
| Heart rate increase with exercise | 58 818 | 1150892 | 0.03 (0) | 9.5 | 29497042 |
| Heart rate recovery after exercise | 58 818 | 1150892 | 0.03 (0) | 8.8 | 29497042 |
| Heart rate variability | 28 122 | 1010511 | 0.11 (0.02) | 4.8 | 28613276 |
| Income | 332 594 | 1129988 | 0.06 (0) | 20.0 | 31427789 |
| Sleep duration | 446 118 | 1167152 | 0.07 (0) | 23.0 | 30846698 |
| Neighborhood social deprivation | 420 035 | 1158094 | 0.03 (0) | 19.3 | 27818178 |
| Social interaction frequency | 383 941 | 1129988 | 0.03 (0) | 16.4 | 31427789 |
| Thyrotropin | 119 715 | 1165231 | 0.11 (0.02) | 6.9 | 32769997 |
Abbreviation: SNV, single nucleotide variation.
a
For these data sets, there were less than 15 independent loci available at a threshold of P < 5 × 10−8; therefore, the threshold for mendelian randomization instrument SNV selection was relaxed to P < 1 × 10−5.
b
Three continuous phenotypes: the personality trait of neuroticism, another dispositional trait reflecting risk tolerance, and generalized anxiety disorder, were assessed based on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item score,24 a 2-item self-report assessment of the frequency of worrying and related physical sensations.