Figure 5.
Phase‐field simulation of nanopillar‐ filler‐based nanocomposites with various filler materials. a) Phase‐field simulation results of the stress distribution, piezoelectric field, and electric potential among 5 categories of piezoelectric nanocomposites including BTO/PVA, KNN/PVA, PMN‐35PT/PVA, PZT/PVA and ZnO/PVA. The oxide fillers are at a fixed fraction of 1 vol% with a geometric ratio of (0.1, 0.1). b) Piezoelectric coefficient d 33, relative permittivity ε 33, and c) elastic stiffness c 11 and c 33.