No.	Risk mitigation measure (name)	Description	Effective	Evaluation/Uncertainties
1	Certified material	The Ministerial experts and inspectors carry out the phytosanitary control on mother plants in spring, summer and autumn for harmful organisms, and the amount of propagation materials (grafted plants, budwoods, rootstocks, scions) that can be obtained from mother plants is determined. For the saplings, the phytosanitary control is also carried out at the same time, regarding harmful organisms specified in quarantine and plant passports, and certification regulations. If free from the harmful organisms, the Ministry issues certificates and labels for the propagation material to be taken from plants in the mother blocks. Certified seed or certified seedling is grafted with certified budwood in a certified nursery. Certificate and combined certification‐passport labels are issued by the Ministerial Organization and sent to the producer for the saplings that meet the requirements in the Regulations.	Yes	Potential D. bulgarica infections could be detected, though visual detection is difficult due to possible latent infections. Uncertainties: The details of the certification process are not given (e.g. number of plants, intensity of surveys and inspections, etc.). Specific figures on the intensity of survey (sampling effort) are not provided.
2	Phytosanitary certificates and plant passport	Export nurseries must obtain special certification from Turkish Authorities before they begin producing plants for planting. Nurseries must notify technical staff members responsible for production to obtain this certificate, which is then used for registration in the plant passport system. The phytosanitary inspections are done macroscopically. However, if there are signs of disease in the plants or in the immediate vicinity, the inspections are carried out by laboratory analysis. During the production period, official inspection is carried out. After the official approval that the sapling is free from the quarantine factor and true to type, its certificate‐passport label is issued by the Ministry. The Phytosanitary Certificates/Re‐Export Phytosanitary Certificates are issued in exportation of plants and plant products with respect to plant health. In issuing such certificates, the phytosanitary requirements of the importer country are taken into account, in compliance with the ISPM No: 7 and ISPM No: 12 rules.	Yes	The procedures applied could be effective in detecting D. bulgarica infections, but not on recent infections. Uncertainties: Specific figures on the intensity of survey (sampling effort) are not provided.
3	Cleaning and disinfection of facilities, tools and machinery	Tools are disinfected with chemical compounds containing 10% chlorine prior to using in sapling and mother plants	Yes	The effect of these chemicals on limiting infections is not known. Uncertainties: No details are provided.
4	Roguing and pruning	Applied in case of infections/infestations.	Yes	It could be useful in removing infested plant parts and identifying pest presence.
5	Biological control and mechanical control	Weeds are controlled mechanically in the nurseries and in the surrounding areas.	No
6	Pesticide application	Before the rootstock planting, burnt animal manure, ammonium sulfate and urea fertiliser are applied to the growing area or mortar. During rootstocks planting, Nogall (biopesticide) is applied to protect against crown gall. The saplings are sprayed against aphids, thrips, whiteflies, red spider pests, black spot, powdery mildew, root rot diseases and, depending on the situation, to fight or protect against weeds. Before loading the plants on the trucks for transport, the roots of seedlings are sprayed with fungicide (Thiram).	Yes	Thiram applications could be effective against the presence of fungal inoculum on the surface of the plants.
7	Surveillance and monitoring	Both processes are conducted according to Turkish phytosanitary regulations. Necessary precautions are taken to ensure that there are no plants other than certified saplings in the production plot and application areas. Plants within and around the production areas are annually inspected to check the presence of quarantine organisms. Visual inspection at least once or twice a year during production or during uprooting of the plants. Visual inspection can be supported by the use of microscope or laboratory analysis if pests are suspected to be present. In the event that these plants are infected/infested with harmful organisms subject to quarantine, these plants are destroyed.	Yes	It can be effective but initial infections are very difficult to detect. Uncertainties: Specific figures on the intensity of survey (sampling effort) are not provided.
8	Sampling and laboratory testing	For the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes in the seedlings to be exported, min. 5 to max. 25 seedlings are randomly taken from the plantation in the nursery garden and sealed by the inspector and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Soil samples are taken for laboratory analysis in terms of quarantine organisms, particularly to check if it is free from nematodes. If it is found that the growing medium is free from nematodes, the production of saplings is started.	Yes	Uncertainties: if the sampling is sufficiently intense to detect the fungus.
9	Root Washing	Roots are washed in the washing areas, near the warehouses.	No
10	Refrigeration	The temperature of the storage tanks is between 2°C and 4°C and the humidity is 85‐95%. Transportation is made with refrigerated trucks with the same conditions.	Yes	Low temperatures can slow down its development but not kill the fungus. The spread within the bundle can be reduced.
11	Pre‐consignment inspection	Prior to export, planting material for which a Phytosanitary Certificate is to be issued shall be subjected to phytosanitary inspection. Only certified plants for planting may be exported. Phytosanitary inspectors are responsible for export controls, sampling and issuing certificates.	Yes	The procedures applied could be effective in detecting D. bulgarica infections though visual detection at the beginning of infestation is difficult. Uncertainties: No specific figures on the intensity of survey (sampling effort) are provided.