No.	Risk mitigation measure (name)	Description	Effect on the pest	Evaluation and uncertainties
1	Certified material	The experts and inspectors of the Ministry carry out the phytosanitary control on mother plants in spring, summer and autumn for harmful organisms, and the amount of propagation materials (buds, budwoods, rootstocks, scions, etc.) that can be obtained from mother plants is determined. For the saplings, the phytosanitary control is also carried out at the same time, regarding harmful organisms specified in quarantine and plant passports, and certification regulations. Certified seed or certified seedling is grafted with certified budwood in a certified nursery. If free from the harmful organisms, the Ministry issues certificates and labels for the propagation material to be taken from plants in the mother blocks.	No
2	Phytosanitary certificates and plant passport	Export nurseries must obtain special certification from Turkish Autorities before they begin producing plants for planting. Nurseries must notify technical staff members responsible for production to obtain this certificate, which is then used for registration in the plant passport system. The phytosanitary inspections are done macroscopically. However, if there are signs of disease in the plants or in the immediate vicinity, the inspections are carried out by laboratory analysis. During the production period, official inspection is carried out. After the official approval that the sapling is free from the quarantine factor and true to type, its certificate‐passport label is issued by the Ministry. The Phytosanitary Certificates/Re‐Export Phytosanitary Certificates are issued in exportation of plants and plant products with respect to plant health. In issuing such certificates, the phytosanitary requirements of the importer country are taken into account, in compliance with the ISPM No: 7 and ISPM No: 12 rules.	Yes	Evaluation: Hoplolaimus spp. is not on the list of harmful organisms systematically monitored or tested for the presence on plants intended for planting in Turkey. Uncertainties: Specific figures on the intensity of survey (sampling effort) are not provided. Information on the distribution and abundance of H. galeatus in the Malus domestica growing area is unreliable.
3	Cleaning and disinfection of facilities, tools and machinery	Tools are disinfected with chemical compounds containing 10% chlorine prior to using in sapling and mother plants	No
4	Rouging and pruning	Applied in case of infections/infestations.	No
5	Biological and mechanical control	Nogall (biological control agent) is applied to protect against crown gall. Weeds are controlled mechanically in the nurseries and in the surrounding areas.	No
6	Pesticide application	The saplings are sprayed against aphids, thrips, whiteflies, red spider pests, black spot, powdery mildew, root rot diseases and, depending on the situation, to fight or protect against weeds. Before loading the plants on the trucks for transport, the roots of seedlings are sprayed with fungicide (Thiram).	No
7	Surveillance and monitoring	Both processes are conducted according to Turkish phytosanitary regulations. Necessary precautions are taken to ensure that there are no plants other than certified saplings in the production plot and application areas. Plants within and around the production areas are annually inspected to check the presence of quarantine organisms. Visual inspection at least once or twice a year during production or during uprooting of the plants. Visual inspection can be supported by the use of microscope or laboratory analysis if pests are suspected to be present. In the event that these plants are infected/infested with harmful organisms subject to quarantine, these plants are destroyed.	Yes	Evaluation: Details of the surveillance and monitoring during the production cycle are not provided. H. galeatus is not on the list of harmful organisms systematically monitored or tested for the presence on plants intended for planting in Turkey. Uncertainties: Details of the surveillance and monitoring have not been described. Information on the distribution and abundance of H. galeatus in the Malus domestica growing area is unreliable.
8	Sampling and laboratory testing	For the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes in the seedlings to be exported, min. 5 to max. 25 seedlings are randomly taken from the plantation in the nursery garden and sealed by the inspector and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Soil samples are taken for laboratory analysis in terms of quarantine organisms, particularly to check if it is free from nematodes. If it is found that the growing medium is free from nematodes, the production of saplings is started.	Yes	Evaluation: Soil and plants are tested in the laboratory only for the presence of root‐knot and virus vector nematodes, but not for the presence of H. galeatus Uncertainties: Presence of H. galeatus cannot be detected.
9	Root washing	Roots are washed in the washing areas, near the warehouses.	Yes	Evaluation: Root washing does not reduce the risk of nematode infestation in plants intended for planting that are infested with lance nematodes (migratory endoparasites). Uncertainties: Because H. galeatus occurs in both soil and roots, root washing does not reduce the risk of nematodes infestation in plants intended for planting.
10	Refrigeration	The temperature of the storage tanks is between 2°C and 4°C and the humidity is 85–95%. Transportation is made with refrigerated trucks with the same conditions.	No
11	Pre‐consignment inspection	Prior to export, planting material for which a Phytosanitary Certificate is to be issued shall be subjected to phytosanitary inspection. Only certified plants for planting may be exported. Phytosanitary inspectors are responsible for export controls, sampling and issuing certificates.	Yes	Evaluation: As for nematodes, inspectors pay particular attention to the presence of galls caused by root‐knot nematodes. Symptoms caused by H. galeatus cannot be detected Uncertainties: Even if inspectors examined plants for the presence of H. galeatus, it might initially go undetected because the nematodes are microscopic root parasites and symptoms are not very pronounced when there is a little nematode infestation in the roots of host plants.