Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Pest free with few exceptional cases (based on the Median)
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest free bundles	9,982 out of 10,000 bundles	9,988 out of 10,000 bundles	9,992 out of 10,000 bundles	9,996 out of 10,000 bundles	9,999 out of 10,000 bundles
Proportion of infested bundles	1 out of 10,000 bundles	4 out of 10,000 bundles	8 out of 10,000 bundles	12 out of 10,000 bundles	18 out of 10,000 bundles
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest/pathogen could enter exporting nurseries Hoplolaimus galeatus is a polyphagous, migratory endoparasite that occurs in both soil and roots and feeds on the cortical and vascular tissue of host plants. It can also be found as an ectoparasite. The nematode is widely distributed in the USA and parasitises various crops, grasses and woody plants. It has also been found in Canada, Sumatra, India, Tanzania, Central and South America, Pakistan, Australia, Spain and Turkey. H. galeatus is a serious pest in native lawns and golf courses and can also be very damaging to many crops, such as cotton, soybean, alfalfa, and corn. It has also been reported as a problem in some orchards (apple, cherry and peach trees) in Michigan, USA. In Turkey, H. galeatus has been found on sweet chestnut, cowpea, sesame, vegetable, kidney bean, plum, peach, olive, sunflower and apple. According to data available, the nematode has been reported in four regions (Antalya, Isparta, Sinop, Eskisehir) (Kepenekci, 2001, 2002; Kepenekci & Zeki, 2002). So far, no epidemics or economic losses have been reported in Turkey. The main pathways of this nematode are infested plants for planting, contaminated water, soil and growing media as such or attached to plants, agricultural machinery, tools and shoes. This nematode can be found in the roots of apple plants or other host plants in the environment and infest the commodity mainly through human‐assisted dispersal. Measures taken against the pest/pathogen and their efficacy The relevant proposed measures are: (i) Inspection, certification and surveillance, (ii) Sampling and laboratory testing, (iii) Selection of production sites, (iv) Removal of soil from roots (washing), and (v) Pre‐consignment inspection. Interception records There are no records of interceptions from Turkey. Shortcomings of current measures/procedures Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are not on the list of harmful organisms systematically monitored or tested for their presence on plants intended for planting in Turkey. Soil and plants are tested in the laboratory only for the presence of root‐knot and virus vector nematodes, but not for the presence of Hoplolaimus spp. The undetected presence of this nematode during inspections may contribute to the spread of H. galeatus infection. In addition, pre‐export root washing does not reduce the risk of nematode infestation in plants intended for planting that are infested with lance nematodes (migratory endoparasites). Main uncertainties • Soil is laboratory tested only for the presence of root‐knot and virus vector nematodes, but not for the presence of Hoplolaimus spp. • Symptoms caused by H. galeatus may be overlooked. • Presence of H. galeatus cannot be detected. • Root washing does not reduce the risk of nematodes (migratory endoparasites) infestation in plants intended for planting.