Table 2.
Comparison of Hip Morphologies Reported in Athletes vs Controls a
| Prevalence of Cam Morphology, % | % of Total Hips | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author: Sport | No. | Sex, % | Definition of Cam Deformity | Hips | Patients | Mean AA, deg | Labral Tear | Herniation Pits | Statistically Significant (P < .05) |
| Agricola (2012) 1 : soccer | AA >60° | Not calculated | |||||||
| Athletes | 89 | 100M | 26 | No (P = .31) | |||||
| Nonathletes | 92 | 100M | 17 | ||||||
| Aminoff (2020) 3 : skiing | AA ≥55° | Not calculated | |||||||
| Athletes | 61 | 52M, 48F | 49 | Yes (P = .009) | |||||
| Nonathletes | 26 | 35M, 65F | 19 | ||||||
| Ayeni (2014) 4 : ice hockey | AA >50° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 20 | 55M, 45F | 55 | 54.2 | Yes for AA (P = .003), no for prevalence of cam (P = .105) | ||||
| Nonathletes | 20 | 55M, 45F | 25 | 43.2 | |||||
| Duthon (2013) 18 : dance | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 20 | 100F | 47.4 | 85 | 60 | Yes but only for herniation pits (P = .038), not for AA (P = .550) or labral tears (P > .99). | |||
| Nondancers | 14 | 100F | 46 | 85 | 21 | ||||
| Falotico (2019) 19 : soccer | AA >82° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 60 | 100M | 83 b | Yes (P < .001 for AA and morphology) | |||||
| Nonathletes | 32 | 100M | 67 c | ||||||
| Johnson (2012) 26 : soccer | AA ≥55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 50 | 50M, 50F | 40 | 48 | R: 53.8; L: 52.1 | No (P = .688 for cam, P = .126 for AA in R hip, and P = .717 for AA in L hip) | |||
| Nonathletes | 50 | 50M, 50F | 38 | 44 | R: 52.0; L:51.7 | ||||
| Jónasson (2016) 27 : soccer and ice hockey | Undefined | ||||||||
| Athletes | 32 d | 100M | R: 57.7; L:56.1 | No | |||||
| Nonathletes | 30 | 100M | R: 54.4; L: 52.1 | ||||||
| Kolo (2013) 32 : dance | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 30 | 100F | 46.7 e | 47.5 | 52.5 | Yes for acetabular cartilage lesion (P = .026) and herniation pits (P = .002), no for AA (P = .863) and labral tears (P = .095) | |||
| Nonathletes | 14 | 100F | 46 f | 28.6 | 17.9 | ||||
| Lahner (2014) 34 : soccer | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Semiprofessional | 22 | 100M | 47.7 | 62.5 | 57.3 | Yes (P = .008) | |||
| Amateur | 22 | 100M | 29.5 | 27.3 | 51.7 | ||||
| Lahner (2014) 33 : track and field | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 22 | 50M, 50F | 34 | 52.2 | Yes (P = .004) | ||||
| Nonathletes | 22 | 50M, 50F | 2.7 | 48.1 | |||||
| Siebenrock (2011) 53 : basketball | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 37 | 100M | 89 | 60.5 | Yes (P = .001 for cam and P < .001 for AA) | ||||
| Nonathletes | 38 | 100M | 9 | 47.4 | |||||
| Siebenrock (2013) 52 : basketball | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Athletes | 37 | 100M | 60.8 g | Yes (P < .001 for AA and epiphyseal extension) | |||||
| Nonathletes | 38 | 100M | 49.2 h | ||||||
| Siebenrock (2013) 54 : ice hockey | AA >55° | ||||||||
| Symptomatic athletes | 15 | 100M | 62 | Yes (P < .001) | |||||
| Asymptomatic athletes | 62 | 100M | 52.2 | ||||||
| Sveen (2019) 56 : skiing | AA >55° i | ||||||||
| Athletes | 20 | 100M | 32.5 | 50 | 52.35 | No (P > .99 for cam and P = .938 for AA) | |||
| Nonathletes | 10 | 100M | 45 | 50 | 52.45 | ||||
| Wyles (2017) 59 : LROM | AA > 55° j | ||||||||
| Athletes with LROM | 13 | 88M, 12F | 91 | 58 | Yes (P = .0165 for cam and P < .0001 for AA) | ||||
| Athletes with IR >10° | 13 | 88M, 12F | 46 | 44 | |||||
a
AA, alpha angle; F, female; IR, internal rotation; L, left; LROM, limited hip range of motion; M, male; R, right.
b
Cam and/or pincer morphology: 92.5%.
c
Cam and/or pincer morphology: 28.1%.
d
Football, n = 17; ice hockey, n = 15.
e
Acetabular cartilage lesions >5 mm: 28.8%.
f
Acetabular cartilage lesions >5 mm: 7.1%.
g
Epiphyseal extension: open, 0.78; closed, 0.80.
h
Epiphyseal extension: open, 0.64; closed, 0.75.
i
On at least 2 magnetic resonance images per hip.
j
On lateral radiographs.