Table 2.
Determinants of utilisation of CMHS in India, 2015–16
| Independent Variable | Full Care Vs. No Care | Incomplete Care Vs. No Care | Complete Care Vs. Incomplete Care | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Level Characteristics | |||||||||
| Age at Marriage (Ref < 18) | |||||||||
| RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | ||||
| 18–24 | 1.34* [0.04] | 1.25 | 1.43 | 1.13* [0.03] | 1.07 | 1.19 | 1.18*[0.03] | 1.13 | 1.23 |
| 25–49 | 1.82* [0.15] | 1.55 | 2.13 | 1.26* [0.09] | 1.09 | 1.45 | 1.45*[0.05] | 1.35 | 1.56 |
| Parity (Ref: < 1) | |||||||||
| 1 to 2 | 1.24 [0.18] | 0.93 | 1.65 | 1.18 [0.14] | 0.94 | 1.48 | 1.05 [0.10] | 0.87 | 1.28 |
| 3 to 5 | 0.70**[0.11] | 0.52 | 0.94 | 0.84 [0.10] | 0.66 | 1.05 | 0.84***[0.09] | 0.69 | 1.02 |
| 5 or more | 0.44* [0.08] | 0.32 | 0.62 | 0.81***[0.10] | 0.64 | 1.03 | 0.55* [0.07] | 0.42 | 0.7 |
| Education (Ref: Illiterate) | |||||||||
| Primary | 1.21* [0.06] | 1.1 | 1.33 | 1.10** [0.04] | 1.03 | 1.18 | 1.10** [0.04] | 1.02 | 1.18 |
| Secondary | 1.78* [0.08] | 1.62 | 1.95 | 1.46* [0.05] | 1.36 | 1.56 | 1.22* [0.04] | 1.15 | 1.3 |
| Higher | 3.61* [0.37] | 2.95 | 4.41 | 2.33* [0.22] | 1.93 | 2.81 | 1.55* [0.06] | 1.43 | 1.68 |
| Financial Autonomy (Ref: No) | |||||||||
| Moderate | 1.14 [0.14] | 0.9 | 1.45 | 1.03 [0.10] | 0.85 | 1.26 | 1.11 [0.09] | 0.95 | 1.29 |
| Full autonomy | 1.30** [0.16] | 1.01 | 1.66 | 0.97 [0.10] | 0.79 | 1.18 | 1.34* [0.10] | 1.15 | 1.57 |
| Constant | 1.03 [0.19] | 0.72 | 1.48 | 7.48* [1.12] | 5.58 | 10.03 | 0.15* [0.04] | 0.08 | 0.27 |
| Access to Media (Ref: No) | |||||||||
| At least 1 media | 2.06* [0.09] | 1.9 | 2.24 | 1.36* [0.04] | 1.28 | 1.45 | 1.51* [0.05] | 1.42 | 1.6 |
| Household Size | 0.94* [0.01] | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.97* [0.00] | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97* [0.00] | 0.96 | 0.98 |
| Household Level Characteristics | |||||||||
| Interaction of Wealth Index & Residence (Ref: Poorest Urban) | |||||||||
| Poor Urban | 1.42* [0.14] | 1.18 | 1.71 | 1.31* [0.11] | 1.11 | 1.55 | 1.08 [0.05] | 0.98 | 1.19 |
| Middle Urban | 1.96* [0.22] | 1.57 | 2.45 | 1.55* [0.16] | 1.26 | 1.9 | 1.27* [0.06] | 1.15 | 1.4 |
| Rich Urban | 2.66* [0.36] | 2.04 | 3.48 | 1.95*[0.25] | 1.51 | 2.51 | 1.37* [0.07] | 1.23 | 1.51 |
| Richest Urban | 7.70* [1.98] | 4.65 | 12.73 | 5.23* [1.32] | 3.19 | 8.58 | 1.47* [0.08] | 1.32 | 1.65 |
| Poorest Rural | 0.78* [0.06] | 0.67 | 0.9 | 0.95 [0.06] | 0.85 | 1.07 | 0.82* [0.05] | 0.73 | 0.91 |
| Poor Rural | 0.99 [0.07] | 0.86 | 1.15 | 1.13** [0.07] | 1.01 | 1.27 | 0.88**[0.04] | 0.8 | 0.96 |
| Middle Rural | 1.39* [0.10] | 1.21 | 1.6 | 1.37* [0.08] | 1.22 | 1.54 | 1.02 [0.04] | 0.93 | 1.11 |
| Rich Rural | 1.75* [0.13] | 1.51 | 2.03 | 1.62* [0.11] | 1.42 | 1.84 | 1.08***[0.05] | 1 | 1.18 |
| Richest Rural | 2.52* [0.22] | 2.11 | 2.99 | 2.06* [0.17] | 1.76 | 2.42 | 1.22* [0.05] | 1.12 | 1.33 |
| Caste (Ref: SC) | |||||||||
| ST | 1.15** [0.06] | 1.04 | 1.28 | 1.02 [0.04] | 0.92 | 1.09 | 1.15* [0.04] | 1.08 | 1.24 |
| OBC | 1.24* [0.05] | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.18* [0.04] | 1.11 | 1.27 | 1.05***[0.03] | 1 | 1.1 |
| Others | 1.14** [0.06] | 1.03 | 1.26 | 1.12** [0.05] | 1.02 | 1.23 | 1.02 [0.03] | 0.96 | 1.07 |
| Religion (Ref: Hindu) | |||||||||
| Muslim | 0.52* [0.02] | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.62* [0.02] | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.83* [0.03] | 0.78 | 0.88 |
| Christian | 0.93 [0.10] | 0.74 | 1.15 | 0.70* [0.07] | 0.57 | 0.85 | 1.33* [0.08] | 1.18 | 1.5 |
| Other | 0.77** [0.08] | 0.62 | 0.96 | 0.94 [0.09] | 0.77 | 1.14 | 0.82* [0.04] | 0.75 | 0.91 |
| Father Present during ANC visits (Ref: No) | |||||||||
| Yes | 2.33* [0.09] | 2.16 | 2.51 | 1.52* [0.04] | 1.44 | 1.61 | 1.53* [0.04] | 1.45 | 1.62 |
| Community Level Characteristics | |||||||||
| State Group (Ref: Non-High Focussed) | |||||||||
| North East | 0.28* [0.02] | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.36* [0.03] | 0.32 | 0.42 | 0.77* [0.04] | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| Major High Focused States | 0.19* [0.01] | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.48* [0.02] | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.39* [0.01] | 0.38 | 0.41 |
| Community Poverty Status (Ref: Low) | |||||||||
| High | 0.61* [0.03] | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.74* [0.03] | 0.68 | 0.8 | 0.83* [0.02] | 0.79 | 0.87 |
| Community Education Status (Ref: Low) | |||||||||
| High | 1.66* [0.07] | 1.53 | 1.8 | 1.33* [0.05] | 1.24 | 1.43 | 1.24* [0.03] | 1.18 | 1.31 |
| Health Related Characteristics | |||||||||
| Barriers (Ref: Acceptability) | |||||||||
| Affordability | 1.02 [0.11] | 0.82 | 1.26 | 1.11 [0.11] | 0.92 | 1.35 | 0.91***[0.05] | 0.82 | 1.01 |
| Availability | 0.82* [0.06] | 0.71 | 0.94 | 0.99 [0.06] | 0.87 | 1.12 | 0.83* [0.03] | 0.77 | 0.88 |
| ANC Contact (None) | |||||||||
| Anganwadi & ASHA | 1.66* [0.05] | 1.56 | 1.76 | 1.40* [0.04] | 1.33 | 1.48 | 1.18* [0.02] | 1.14 | 1.23 |
| MPW | 2.69* [0.38] | 2.05 | 3.54 | 1.51*[0.19] | 1.17 | 1.93 | 1.79* [0.12] | 1.57 | 2.03 |
Note: *p < 0.001, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.1. [] is the standard error
Source: Author’s Compilation