Table 2.

Patients’ background

Variable	N = 5
Age (years)	73.8 [67–78]
Gender	6 male; 3 female
Smoking history
Heavy smokers	4
No smoker	1
Asbestos history	1
Left-sided disease	1
Restrictive lung disease	0
Obstructive lung disease	3
Interstitial lung disease	1
Previous breast cancer	3
Previous prostate cancer	4
Previous kidney cancer	2
Surgical approach	9 VATS
Intraoperative blood loss (ml)	95 [120 ± 35]
Duration of chest tube (days)	3 [2–7]
Duration of surgery (min)	145 ± 38
Postoperative hospitalization (days)	4 [3–8]
Persistent air leaks (> 5 days)	1