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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2022 Mar 25;15(4):e010435. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010435

Figure 3:

Figure 3:

Transverse section of heart showing propagation of sinus node depolarization impulses from the right atrium to the left atrium. The upper panel shows the normal situation whereby atrial impulses conduct from the right atrium to the left atrium both via the Bachmann’s bundle and posteriorly located myocardial connections. The left atrial depolarization vector projection on the lead V1 results in either isoelectric or positive polarity of the terminal P wave component. The lower panel shows interatrial conduction over the Bachmann’s bundle only with no or minimal contribution from the posterior connections with resultant anterior-posterior activation of the left atrium resulting in a negative component in the terminal portion of the P wave in V1. Reprinted from reference 43.