TABLE 2.
Descriptive characteristics of cohort and univariate analysis
| Variable (U)a | Value for patients with (n = 49) or without (n = 428) emergence of Enterobacter spp. resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins
|
RR (95% CI)b | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With | Without | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age in yr (SD) | 63.8 (11.5) | 63.5 (14.9) | NA | 0.85 |
| Male gender (%) | 31 (63.3) | 240 (56.1) | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.37 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Liver disease (%) | 13 (26.5) | 56 (15.1) | 2.7 (1.4–5.1) | 0.003 |
| Lung disease (%) | 9 (18.4) | 47 (11.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 0.48 |
| Renal disease (%) | 10 (20.4) | 82 (19.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.44 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 38 (77.6) | 334 (78.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.44 |
| Cancer (%) | 13 (26.5) | 73 (17.1) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes (%) | 17 (34.7) | 231 (54.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.02 |
| AIDS (%) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (1.6) | ND | 1.00 |
| Transplant (%) | 4 (8.2) | 21 (4.9) | 1.1 (0.4–1.4) | 0.95 |
| Median no. of patient comorbidities (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | ||
| Hospital exposures | ||||
| Median length of hospital stay in days before entry into cohort (IQR) | 7.0 (5–12) | 4.0 (2–11) | NA | 0.005 |
| Median no. days in cohort (IQR) | 8 (4–14) | 7 (4–13) | NA | 0.79 |
| Transfer from other institution (%) | 15 (30.6) | 113 (26.4) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.87 |
| ICU stay (%) | 40 (58.0) | 185 (43.2) | 2.8 (1.4–5.5) | 0.003 |
| Surgical procedure (%) | 38 (77.6) | 208 (48.6) | 2.6 (1.3–5.0) | 0.006 |
| Median culture score (1) (IQR)c | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 3.6 (1.8–7.1)c | <0.001d |
| Exposures to antimicrobial agents | ||||
| Ampicillin and penicillin (%) | 22 (44.9) | 184 (43.0) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 0.90 |
| Narrow-spectrum cephalosporins (%) | 12 (24.5) | 115 (26.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.79 |
| Expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (%) | 3 (6.1) | 31 (7.2) | 1.0 (0.3–3.2) | 0.93 |
| Broad-spectrum cephalosporins (%) | 31 (63.3) | 130 (30.4) | 3.3 (1.8–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Aminoglycosides (%) | 10 (20.4) | 68 (15.9) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 0.73 |
| Quinolones (%) | 6 (12.2) | 116 (27.1) | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | 0.03 |
| Imipenem (%) | 8 (16.3) | 35 (8.2) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 0.97 |
| Piperacillin (%) | 8 (16.3) | 55 (12.9) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.98 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam (%) | 13 (26.5) | 122 (28.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.87 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam (%) | 5 (10.2) | 35 (8.2) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | 0.90 |
a
Units apply to data in columns two and three only. IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.
b
CI, confidence interval; ND, not determinable; NA, not applicable.
c
The culture score is the average number of cultures obtained per day.
d
Analyzed as a dichotomous variable.