Table 3. The level of stress, coping strategies and sense of self-efficacy by the respondents’ age (n = 220).
| Variables studied | Age in years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
≤40 (n = 75) |
41–50 (n = 70) |
≥50 (n = 75) |
p-value | |
| PSS-10, mean ± SD (0–40) | 24.5 ± 3.4 | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 0.717 |
| GSES, mean ± SD (10–40) | 29.0 ± 3.6 | 28.8 ± 3.3 | 29.5 ± 3.8 | 0.903 |
| Mini-COPE – strategies of coping with stress (0–3): | ||||
| Active coping | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.739 |
| Planning | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.166 |
| Positive reframing | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.469 |
| Acceptance | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.217 |
| Humor | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.0131 |
| Religion | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.681 |
| Emotional support | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 0.228 |
| Instrumental support | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.0112 |
| Self-distraction | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.799 |
| Denial | 0.8 ±0.5 | 0.9 ±0.6 | 0.8 ±0.7 | 0.692 |
| Venting | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.0103 |
| Substance use | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.736 |
| Behavioral disengagement | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.720 |
| Self-blame | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.0314 |
Notes.
The p-value shows the significance of particular characteristics in groups of nurses.
In the case of compared groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used.
- PSS-10
- Perceived Stress Scale
- GSES
- Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale
- Mini-COPE
- Inventory for Measuring Coping With Stress
Corrected the p-values for the multiple comparisons:
1) The differences refer to groups <40 and ≤ 50 (p = 0.013)
2) The differences refers to groups <40 and ≤ 50 (p = 0.021)
3) The differences refers to groups <40 and ≤ 50 (p = 0.012)
4) The differences refers to groups <40 and 40–50 (p = 0.095) and <40 and ≤ 50 (p = 0, 068)