Table 4. The level of stress, coping strategies and sense of self-efficacy by the respondents’ professional role (n = 220).
| Variables studied | Work experience in years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1–5 (n = 52) |
6–20 (n = 40) |
≥20 (n = 128) |
p-value | |
| PSS-10, mean ± SD (0–40) | 24.9 ± 2.9 | 24.4 ± 4.2 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | 0.647 |
| GSES, mean ± SD (10–40) | 28.9 ± 3.9 | 29.3 ± 2.6 | 29.2 ± 3.7 | 0.691 |
| Mini-COPE – strategies of coping with stress (0–3): | ||||
| Active coping | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.993 |
| Planning | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.524 |
| Positive reframing | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.440 |
| Acceptance | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 0.723 |
| Humor | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.0261 |
| Religion | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.598 |
| Emotional support | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.071 |
| Instrumental support | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.0052 |
| Self-distraction | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.833 |
| Denial | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.678 |
| Venting | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.0353 |
| Substance use | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.148 |
| Behavioral disengagement | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.333 |
| Self-blame | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.0314 |
Notes.
The p-value shows the significance of particular characteristics in groups of nurses.
In the case of compared groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used.
- PSS-10
- Perceived Stress Scale
- GSES
- Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale
- Mini-COPE
- Inventory for Measuring Coping With Stress
Corrected the p-values for the multiple comparisons:
1) The differences refer to groups ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 (p = 0.068)
2) The differences refers to groups ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 (p = 0.014)
3) The differences refers to groups ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 (p = 0.0482)
4) The differences refers to groups ≤ 5 and ≥ 20 (p = 0.038).