Comparison of immobilized methods for anammox bacteria retention^a.

Start-up (day)	Dominant genera	Biomass (gVSS L−1)	NRRs (kg N m−3 d−1)	Reactor type	Temp (°C)	Biomass retention	Reference
100	Ca. J. caeni	3.80	8.20	CSTR	33	Immobilize gel	45
100	Not reported	0.10	4.40	CSTR	30	Immobilize gel	46
67	Ca. J. caeni	0.55	3.70	CSTR	36	Immobilize gel	47
180	Mixed sludge	0.32	1.69	CSTR	34	Immobilize gel	48
65	Ca. J. caeni	1.34	3.80	CSTR	30	Immobilize gel	49
85	NR	11.33	NR	UASB	30	Bamboo char	50
75	Ca. Brocadia	4.90	NR	CAMBR	13	Hollow fiber	51
90	Ca. Jettenia	4.90	NR	CAMBR	13	Hollow fiber	51
63	Ca. Kuenenia	3.52	0.92	UPPAR	35	Porous plate	This study

^aCSTR, continuous stirred tank reactor; UASB, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket; CAMBR, combined ABR and MBR; NR, not reported.