| Metal matrix composites |
Ti6Al4V |
|
Young's modulus similar to human natural bone, improved the mechanical shielding |
114,115
|
| Ti6Al4V |
Tantalum (Ta) |
Better bone ingrowth in Ta-coated scaffolds |
116
|
| Ti6Al4V |
Simvastatin/Hydrogel |
Significantly improved neovascularization, osteointegration and bone ingrowth |
117
|
| Ti6Al4V |
HA/pDA |
Significantly promoted bone regeneration and improved osteointegration and osteogenesis |
118
|
| Ti6Al4V/Fibrin glue |
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and BMP-2 |
Significantly enhanced both osteogenesis and angiogenesis for a single factor or dual factors, but synergistic effects of two-factor combination can observe angiogenesis but lack osteogenesis |
119
|
| Polymer matrix composites |
Bioactive glass (BG) |
Collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) |
Promoting bone tissue regeneration and overcoming the problem of inadequate graft vascularization in tissue engineering |
120
|
| Poly(L/DL lactide) (PLDL)/PCL |
Osteogenon-drug |
Use of osteogenon improves mineralization, cell adhesion and cell differentiation |
121
|
| PEG/PU |
BMSCs |
The polymer matrix is highly thermally stable, regulatable, degradable at an acidic pH (5.8), biodegradable, cell compatible and has excellent porosity |
23
|
| PLA |
Bioactive organically modified glass (ormoglass) |
The fibers are coated with different ormoglass components and their properties (roughness, stiffness and morphology) are adjusted by altering the trial parameters |
122
|
| Poly(D,l-Lactide) (PDLLA) |
BGs and CuO/ZnO |
By appropriately adding Cu- and Zn-doped BG in the PDLLA, composite scaffolds can be obtained with improved bioactivity |
123
|
| Ceramic matrix composites |
Titanium dioxide |
PLGA/gentamicin |
Confirmed the effective antibacterial activity of the released gentamicin and the compatibility of the scaffold on osteoblast-like cells(MG-63) |
124
|
| HA/β-TCP |
BMP-2 |
Real application possibilities for bone tissue engineering purposes |
125
|
| β-TCP |
Iron-containing |
Iron maybe help to promote the bone conduction properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics |
126
|
| n-HA/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) |
hMSCs |
Allowing for the generation of engineered bone tissue |
24
|
| HA/Poly(D,l-lactic acid)-co-poly-(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PELA) |
BMSCs/rhBMP-2 |
Making the scaffolds suitable for evaluating bone regeneration approaches based on cell/the PELA/HA scaffolds with 500 ng of rhBMP-2 |
25
|
| Functional composites |
Photocrosslinking of PCL and bioactive polydopamine coating |
Temperature |
The capacity to automatically fit into irregular defects and superior bioactivity because of polydopamine-coating |
127
|
| Polypyrrole (PPy), HA, gelatin and mesoporous silica |
Electrical stimulation |
Good mechanical properties, higher protein adsorption |
128
|
| PLGA |
Black phosphorus (BP)/SrCl2
|
The obtained scaffolds had good biocompatibility and good bone regeneration ability under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation in vivo in rats |
129
|
| Polypyrrole/alginate (PPy/Alg) |
hMSCs and electrical stimulation |
Enhanced cell adhesion and growth |
130
|
| Gelatin/bioactive glass |
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and electrical stimulation |
Adding PEDOT stabilizes the structure of scaffolds and enhances the cellular properties of mesenchymal stem cells |
131
|
| Transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin (TG-Gel) |
BMP-2, matrix rigidity and mechanical signaling |
The combination of hydrogel hardness and BMP-2 has a synergistic effect on cellular osteogenic differentiation |
132
|
