Table 1 –
Patient demographics, acuity, and hospital outcomes according to race*
| Variable | White (N=24,493) |
Black (N=1,263) |
Asian (N=574) |
American Indian (N=273) |
Overall (N=26,603) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65 (55, 73) | 56 (44, 66) | 60 (47, 69) | 57 (45, 64) | 64 (54, 73) |
| Male sex | 14,397 (58.8%) | 674 (53.4%) | 309 (53.8%) | 151 (55.3%) | 15,531 (58.4%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (n=26,434) | 28.3 (24.5, 33.0) | 28.6 (24.5, 34.4) | 25.1 (22.1, 28.5) | 29.8 (25.5, 35.1) | 28.2 (24.4, 32.9) |
| COPD/Home oxygen use | 2,488 (10.2%) | 59 (4.7%) | 29 (5.1%) | 11 (4.0%) | 2,587 (9.7%) |
| Index location | |||||
| ICU | 6,388 (26.1%) | 473 (37.5%) | 182 (31.7%) | 105 (38.5%) | 7,148 (26.9%) |
| Surgery | 18,105 (73.9%) | 790 (62.5%) | 392 (68.3%) | 168 (61.5%) | 19,455 (73.1%) |
| ASA PS (n=19,389/19455) | |||||
| 1–2 | 3,424 (14.0%) | 122 (9.7%) | 99 (17.2%) | 32 (11.7%) | 3,677 (13.8%) |
| 3–4 | 14,461 (59.0%) | 659 (52.2%) | 290 (50.5%) | 135 (49.5%) | 15,545 (58.4%) |
| 5+ | 159 (0.6%) | 4 (0.3%) | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | 167 (0.6%) |
| APACHE III (n=7,148) | 86 (64, 111) | 88 (59, 111) | 86 (61, 112) | 82 (52, 102) | 86 (63, 111) |
| Vasopressor use‡ | 7,030 (28.7%) | 294 (23.3%) | 151 (26.3%) | 72 (26.4%) | 7,547 (28.4%) |
| Respiratory support (n=26,340) ‡ | |||||
| Invasive | 20,729 (85.4%) | 1,001 (80.4%) | 484 (86.0%) | 210 (78.1%) | 22,424 (85.1%) |
| Non-invasive | 3,534 (14.6%) | 244 (19.6%) | 79 (14.0%) | 59 (21.9%) | 3,916 (14.9%) |
| MAP < 65‡ | 11,869 (48.5%) | 474 (37.5%) | 269 (46.9%) | 108 (39.6%) | 12,720 (47.8%) |
| FiO2 (n=22,024)‡ | 50 (41, 60) | 55 (44, 60) | 54 (41, 62) | 53 (44, 60) | 50 (41, 60) |
| Any occult hypoxemia† | 859 (3.5%) | 72 (5.7%) | 38 (6.6%) | 18 (6.6%) | 987 (3.7%) |
| Occult hypoxemia in first 48 hours†† | 353 (1.4%) | 36 (2.9%) | 15 (2.6%) | 3 (1.1%) | 407 (1.5%) |
| Hospital length of stay, days§ | 6 (3, 9) | 6 (3, 12) | 5 (3, 10) | 7 (4, 14) | 6 (3, 9) |
| Hospital mortality | 1,352 (5.5%) | 67 (5.3%) | 38 (6.6%) | 17 (6.2%) | 1,474 (5.5%) |
Categorical variables are reported as number (percentage) and continuous variables are reported as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). When data are missing, the number of patients with available measurements is reported in parentheses; otherwise, data are complete for the given variable.ASA PS – American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; APACHE – Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; FiO2 – fraction of inspired oxygen; MAP – mean arterial pressure
At the time of initial SaO2 measurement
Proportion of patients with any observed episode of occult hypoxemia during hospitalization, which differs slightly from estimated probability of occult hypoxemia accounting for multiple observations, as reported in text.
Any occult hypoxemia during the index location. Data are limited to measurements taken within 48 hours of arrival to index location.
Hospital length of stay following arrival to index location.