Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study	Design	Setting and population	Type of CAD	Definition of CAD	Diagnosis of TB and follow-up	NOS score (maximum=9)
Bhat et al., 201720	Case–control	Pulmonary TB and non-TB as a control identified in a population-based survey of TB symptoms in Jabalpur, India	Asthma	Not defined	Sputum smear and/or culture-positive pulmonary TB	6
Inghammar et al., 20105	Retrospective cohort	Individuals ≥40 y of age with a hospital discharge diagnosis of COPD in the nationwide inpatient register in Sweden. One control selected for each COPD case from the population register matched for sex, year of birth and county of residence	COPD	Hospital discharge diagnosis of COPD according to ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes (ICD-9: 491, 492, 496; ICD-10: J41–J44), either as a main or secondary diagnosis	Linkage with the national TB register (including both bacteriologically confirmed and clinically diagnosed). 95.1% had >1 y of follow-up	8
Jick et al., 200619	Case–control	All patients with a first-time diagnosis of TB in the General Practice Research Database in the UK. Up to four controls per case matched for age, sex, the practice attended by the case and index date	Emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma	Based on the standardized code in the database (Read code)	Diagnosis of TB in the database with receipt of anti-TB treatment	9
Lee et al., 20136	Retrospective cohort	Individuals with COPD in the national health insurance database in Taiwan. Two controls per case adjusted for age, sex and timing of entering the database	COPD	At least two visits with a COPD diagnosis according to ICD-9-CM codes (490–492, 496 and A-code A323 or A325) together with and the use of at least two COPD-specific medications (corticosteroids, β-agonists, anti-cholinergic, aminophylline and theophylline) or one COPD-specific medication plus one airway medication (oral antitussives, mucolytic agents and sympathomimetics)	Two ambulatory visits or one inpatient record with a compatible diagnosis according to ICD-9-CM, plus prescription of anti-TB treatment.Mean follow-up of 8.6 y and 8.7 y in CPD and non-CPD patients, respectively	9
Lienhardt et al., 200512	Case–control	Newly detected TB patients who presented to urban health centres in The Gambia, Guiney and Guinea Bissau. Age-matched household and community control	Asthma	History and treatment of asthma collected separately. Only history of asthma was included in the multivariable regression model	Sputum smear–positive pulmonary TB	8
Park et al., 201918	Retrospective cohort	Adults ≥19 y of age with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease identified in the national health insurance database in the Republic of Korea	COPD	The presence of ICD-10 codes compatible with COPD (J41–J44) twice or more	Diagnosis of TB according to ICD-10. Median duration of follow-up 3 y	7
Ruzangi et al., 202022	Retrospective cohort	All adults >18 y of age in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2014	COPD and asthma	Based on the standardized code in the database (Read code)	Based on UK Read codes. Follow-up from 1 month to 10 y (median 3.81 years)	6
Yii et al., 201911	Prospective cohort	Ethnic Chinese adults 45–74 y of age included in a large population cohort in Singapore	Asthma and chronic bronchitis	Asthma: history of physician-diagnosed asthma. Chronic bronchitis: American Thoracic Society 1995 consensus criteria. Both ascertained through a structured interview	Linkage with the National TB Notification Registry (including both bacteriologically confirmed and clinically diagnosed). Mean duration of follow-up 17 y	8
Wu et al., 200721	Case–control	Individuals with lower respiratory tract infection or who had been in contact with TB patients in a hospital in Taiwan	Bronchiectasis	Dilatation of the bronchi on high-resolution computed tomography scan	Positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis	6