Table 1.
Opioid Consumption Patterns and Opioid Waste Generated by Major Plastic Surgery Procedures*
| Procedure Category | No. of Patients | Average No. of Pills Prescribed (SD) | Average No. of Pills Consumed (SD) | p (Pills Consumed vs. Pills Prescribed) | Average No. of Pills in Excess | Total No. of Pills in Excess |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders or implants | 65 | 35.4 (15.5) | 11.9 (14.9) | 7.2 × 10−15 | 23.5 | 1528 |
| Breast reconstruction revision | 55 | 18.6 (9.2) | 7.2 (9.7) | 5.9 × 10−9 | 11.4 | 627 |
| Panniculectomy or abdominoplasty | 43 | 24.4 (7.9) | 14.9 (11.3) | 1.8 × 10−5 | 9.6 | 412 |
| Excision of skin or soft tissue | 34 | 17.2 (20.7) | 7.4 (8.3) | 0.013 | 9.9 | 336 |
| Wound débridement | 32 | 24.0 (20.1) | 12.3 (15.4) | 0.011 | 11.8 | 376 |
| Breast reduction or mastopexy only | 31 | 19.3 (7.4) | 9.5 (8.9) | 1.5 × 10−5 | 9.8 | 305 |
| Lower extremity or upper extremity reconstruction with local flap | 23 | 30.3 (27.2) | 13.2 (19.3) | 0.018 | 17.1 | 393 |
| Delayed breast reconstruction with free flap | 20 | 19.2 (7.7) | 7.3 (9.0) | 6.6 × 10−5 | 12.0 | 239 |
| Immediate breast reconstruction with free flap | 17 | 23.1 (12.5) | 9.5 (11.3) | 0.0023 | 13.6 | 231 |
| Skin graft only | 15 | 17.3 (12.3) | 11.8 (12.5) | 0.23 | 5.5 | 83 |
| Amputation with targeted muscle reinnervation | 12 | 45.3 (32.2) | 37.1 (36.3) | 0.57 | 8.2 | 98 |
| Spine reconstruction | 12 | 46.0 (83.0) | 36.8 (85.5) | 0.79 | 9.2 | 110 |
| Lower extremity or upper extremity reconstruction with free flap | 11 | 30.4 (22.1) | 19.2 (19.3) | 0.22 | 11.2 | 123 |
| Abdominal wall reconstruction | 11 | 34.7 (35.3) | 12.7 (13.9) | 0.076 | 22.0 | 242 |
| Liposuction or fat grafting, nonbreast reconstruction | 10 | 17.1 (6.6) | 4.7 (6.8) | 5.9 × 10−4 | 12.4 | 124 |
| Oncoplastic breast reduction or mastopexy | 9 | 25.9 (7.2) | 8.0 (6.1) | 3.6 × 10−5 | 17.9 | 161 |
| Trunk or pelvic reconstruction with local flaps | 9 | 46.6 (49.1) | 17.4 (29.3) | 0.15 | 29.1 | 262 |
| Delayed breast reconstruction with tissue expanders or implants | 8 | 21.4 (4.9) | 14.6 (9.2) | 0.10 | 6.8 | 54 |
| Sternal wound reconstruction | 8 | 13.3 (12.3) | 7.6 (8.7) | 0.31 | 5.6 | 45 |
| Lymphovenous bypass only | 7 | 12.6 (13.9) | 5.3 (11.2) | 0.30 | 7.3 | 51 |
| Targeted muscle reinnervation only | 6 | 21.7 (15.6) | 11.3 (10.8) | 0.21 | 10.3 | 62 |
| Craniofacial reconstruction | 5 | 13.6 (10.1) | 11.8 (10.5) | 0.79 | 1.8 | 9 |
| Thighplasty or brachioplasty | 1 | 28 (N/A) | 4 (N/A) | N/A | 24.0 | 24 |
| Total sample size | 444 | 25.4 (23.1) | 12.1 (19.7) | 3.0 × 10−19 | 13.3 | 5895 |
*
Data are presented as mean (SD)
p values were calculated using two-sample, two-tailed t test.