A) Spectrograms of iEEG signals recorded from right and left anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) and hippocampus (HPC), show Awake, REM, and non-REM changes. There are differences between iEEG signals recorded from right and left ANT and HPC related to the electrophysiological signatures of epilepsy e.g., interictal epileptiform discharges are increased in the left HPC (patient H1). B) Simultaneous scalp-EEG (Fz, Cz and Oz referenced to TP12) and iEEG (bipolar Left ANT, Right ANT, Left HPC, Right HPC) recordings for Awake, REM, N2 and N3.