Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Sample by Group (N=150)
| Baseline characteristics | Controls |
Cannabis users |
Total |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=75) | (n=75) | (N=150) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.49 (15.32) | 44.36 (12.64) | 50.67 (15.26) | <0.01 |
| Sex, no. (%) | 0.27 | |||
| Male | 58 (77%) | 52 (69%) | 110 (73%) | |
| Female | 17 (23%) | 23 (31%) | 40 (27%) | |
| Veteran status, no. (%) | <0.01 | |||
| Veteran | 71 (95%) | 51 (68%) | 122 (81%) | |
| Non-veteran | 4 (5%) | 24 (32%) | 28 (19%) | |
| Marital status, no. (%) | 0.03 | |||
| Married | 40 (53%) | 24 (32%) | 64 (43%) | |
| Single | 14 (19%) | 25 (33%) | 39 (26%) | |
| Cohabitating | 1 (1%) | 6 (8%) | 7 (5%) | |
| Widowed | 5 (7%) | 4 (5%) | 9 (6%) | |
| Divorced/separated | 15 (20%) | 16 (21%) | 31 (21%) | |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | 0.49 | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 62 (84%) | 64 (85%) | 126 (85%) | |
| Hispanic | 12 (16%) | 11 (15%) | 23 (15%) | |
| Race, no. (%) | 0.32 | |||
| Caucasian/white | 52 (69%) | 51 (68%) | 103 (69%) | |
| Black or African American | 10 (13%) | 13 (17%) | 23 (15%) | |
| Native American/Alaskan Native | 2 (3%) | 6 (8%) | 8 (5%) | |
| Multiracial | 2 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Other | 9 (12%) | 4 (5%) | 13 (9%) | |
| Trauma exposure, no. (%) | ||||
| Transportation accident | 64 (85%) | 67 (89%) | 131 (87%) | 0.46 |
| Fire or explosion | 59 (79%) | 55 (73%) | 114 (76%) | 0.44 |
| Natural disaster | 65 (87%) | 60 (80%) | 125 (83%) | 0.27 |
| Serious accident at work, home, or recreational activity | 45 (60%) | 48 (64%) | 93 (62%) | 0.61 |
| Exposure to toxic substance | 55 (73%) | 39 (52%) | 94 (63%) | <0.01 |
| Physical assault | 66 (88%) | 67 (89%) | 133 (89%) | 0.80 |
| Sexual assault | 61 (81%) | 64 (85%) | 125 (83%) | 0.51 |
| Other unwanted sexual experience | 39 (52%) | 40 (53%) | 79 (53%) | 0.87 |
| Combat exposure | 37 (49%) | 39 (52%) | 76 (51%) | 0.75 |
| Captivity | 61 (81%) | 49 (65%) | 110 (73%) | 0.03 |
| Life-threatening illness or injury | 60 (80%) | 54 (72%) | 114 (76%) | 0.25 |
| Severe human suffering | 54 (72%) | 53 (71%) | 107 (71%) | 0.86 |
| Sudden violent death | 54 (72%) | 48 (64%) | 102 (68%) | 0.29 |
| Sudden accidental death | 60 (80%) | 58 (77%) | 118 (79%) | 0.69 |
| Perpetrated serious injury/harm/death | 57 (76%) | 55 (73%) | 112 (75%) | 0.71 |
| Other | 37 (49%) | 39 (52%) | 76 (51%) | 0.74 |
| Screened trauma type, no. (%) | <0.01 | |||
| Combat trauma | 44 (59%) | 30 (40%) | 74 (49%) | |
| Sexual trauma | 15 (20%) | 9 (12%) | 24 (16%) | |
| Other | 16 (21%) | 36 (48%) | 52 (35%) | |
| Concurrent medications, mean (SD), no. | 5.64 (3.04) | 3.61 (2.70) | 4.63 (3.04) | <0.01 |
| PTSD medications, no. (%) | 7 (9%) | 4 (5%) | 11 (7%) | 0.35 |
| Comorbid psychiatric conditions, mean (SD), no. | 1.58 (1.66) | 1.58 (1.24) | 1.58 (1.46) | 0.99 |
| PTSD severity, CAPS-5 total score, mean (SD) | 36.33 (8.46) | 36.88 (8.52) | 36.61 (8.46) | 0.69 |
| Interpersonal functioning, IPF total score, mean (SD) | 3.44 (0.83) | 3.16 (1.04) | 3.30 (0.95) | 0.08 |
| Sleep quality, PSQI total score, mean (SD) | 11.65 (4.11) | 10.25 (3.77) | 10.95 (3.99) | 0.03 |
| Insomnia, ISI total score, mean (SD) | 14.30 (6.03) | 14.60 (6.67) | 14.45 (6.39) | 0.77 |
| Physical activity, IPAQ, no. (%) | ||||
| Low | 28 (38%) | 13 (18%) | 41 (28%) | |
| Moderate | 25 (34%) | 26 (35%) | 51 (35%) | |
| High | 21 (28%) | 35 (47%) | 56 (38%) | |
Concurrent PTSD medications represent those medications reported by participants as being prescribed specifically for PTSD. Medications included Latuda, Valium, Prazosin, Prozac, Bupropion, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Trazodone, Citalopram, Wellbutrin, and Duloxetine
CAPS-5, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation.