Table 3.
Mixed-Effects Models for Primary and Secondary Outcomes
| Outcome variable | Model estimates adjusting for age and veteran status (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | Group | Time | Group×time | |
| PTSD severity (CAPS-5 total score) | 35.32 (31.39–39.26) | −2.16 (−5.18 to 0.86) | −0.48* (−0.66 to −0.29) | −0.32 (−0.59 to −0.05) |
| Sleep quality (PSQI total) | 11.11 (9.42–12.80) | −1.59* (−2.94 to −0.23) | −0.11* (−0.18 to −0.03) | −0.01 (−0.12 to 0.10) |
| Insomnia (ISI total) | 15.62 (12.91–18.33) | −0.55 (−2.68 to 1.57) | −0.14* (−0.25 to −0.04) | −0.12 (−0.27 to 0.03) |
| Psychosocial functioning (IPF total) | 3.50 (3.09–3.91) | −0.34* (−0.67 to −0.02) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0) | 0 (−0.02 to 0.02) |
| SOL, min | 27.94 (15.92–39.95) | 4.73 (−5.16 to 14.61) | −0.25 (−0.95 to 0.44) | 0.30 (−0.68 to 1.28) |
| SE, % | 79.50 (75.28–83.73) | −3.19 (−6.68 to 0.29) | 0.07 (−0.12 to 0.26) | 0 (−0.26 to 0.27) |
| WASO, min | 51.17 (41.72–60.62) | 7.84 (−0.12 to 15.81) | 0.31 (−0.18 to 0.80) | −0.38 (−1.07 to 0.31) |
| NWAK, n | 49.51 (40.86–58.16) | −1.96 (−9.38 to 5.46) | −0.73* (−1.15 to −0.30) | 0.73* (0.13–1.33) |
| TST, min | 401.48 (364.15–438.82) | −30.94* (−60.48 to −1.39) | 0.78 (−0.88 to 2.44) | −0.10 (−2.45 to 2.24) |
| IPAQ (low, moderate, and high) | — | −1.29 (0.38–1.22) | 0.88* (0.79–0.99) | 1.05 (0.92–1.31) |
*
p<0.05.
Intercept=estimated baseline mean for control group.
Group=group difference in estimated baseline mean, control as reference.
Time=slope of control group.
Group×time=difference in slope by group, control as reference.
PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; IPF, Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning; SE, sleep efficiency; WASO, wake after sleep onset; NWAK, number of awakenings; CI, confidence interval.