Figure 2.

The metabolic processes and their corresponding parameters generating biphasic responses of photosynthetic rates to changes in their value in the NADP-ME type C₄ photosynthesis. In (A), MC represents mesophyll cell, and BSC means bundle sheath cell. In (B) only steps whose V_max or feature parameters with biphasic impacts on photosynthetic rates are listed. Mchl indicates that the metabolic process occurs in the chloroplast or membrane of the MCs; Bchl indicates that the process occurs in the chloroplast or membrane of the BSCs; the plasmodesmata proportion represents the ratio of the plasmodesmata to the area of the BSC–MC interface, and its length represents the total cell wall thickness of both MC and BSC cell wall. The x axis represents the fold change of a parameter normalized against the parameter value resulting in the maximum net photosynthetic rate.